Takács Péter, Bihari Péter, Erős Tibor, Specziár András, Szivák Ildikó, Bíró Péter, Csoma Eszter
Department of Hydrozoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Tihany, Hungary.
Institute of Genetics, MTA Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
PLoS One. 2014 May 13;9(5):e97278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097278. eCollection 2014.
Although stream-dwelling gudgeons (Cyprinidae, genus: Gobio) are widespread in Central Europe, the taxonomy of this group and the distribution of its species are still unexplored in detail. The aims of our study are to ascertain taxonomic composition and distribution of the former Gobio gobio superspecies in the inner area of the Carpathian Basin. Since the presence of cryptic species is suspected in this area, we examined the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of Central European Gobio taxa by sequencing the mitochondrial DNA control region (mtCR). Additionally, we characterized the genetic structure of 27 stream-dwelling gudgeon populations of this area by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). Results of mtCR analysis proved the presence of three species already known as G. obtusirostris (dominant in NW-Hungary), G. gobio (sporadic) and G. carpathicus (sporadic). Additionally, the analysis revealed the existence of one doubtful taxon, G. sp1 (dominant in NE-Hungary), and a new isolated haplogroup (dominant in SW-Hungary). Although Network analysis showed significant detachment among haplogroups, their genetic distances were quite small. Therefore Bayesian phylogenetic analysis showed weak nodal support for the branching pattern both for newly described haplotypes, and for the already accepted species. AFLP data showed distinct population structure and a clear pattern of isolation was revealed by distance of stocks. At the same time, level of separation was not affected by the altitudinal position of sites. Moreover we found three major clusters of populations which were separated according to hydrographic regions, and corresponded to the findings of mtCR analysis. Our results suggest the on-going speciation of gudgeons in the Carpathian Basin, however the separation of haplogroups seems to only be an intermediate phase. The discovered natural pattern seems to be only slightly influenced by anthropogenic impacts. Additionally our results put into question the suitability of the recently accepted within Gobio genus taxonomy.
尽管生活在溪流中的 gudgeon（鲤科，Gobio 属）在中欧广泛分布，但该类群的分类学及其物种分布仍未得到详细探究。我们研究的目的是确定喀尔巴阡盆地内部区域原 Gobio gobio 复合种的分类组成和分布。由于怀疑该区域存在隐存种，我们通过对线粒体 DNA 控制区（mtCR）进行测序，研究了中欧 Gobio 类群的分类学和系统发育关系。此外，我们利用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）对该区域 27 个生活在溪流中的 gudgeon 种群的遗传结构进行了表征。mtCR 分析结果证实存在三种已知的物种，即钝吻 gudgeon（G. obtusirostris，在匈牙利西北部占主导）、G. gobio（零星分布）和喀尔巴阡 gudgeon（G. carpathicus，零星分布）。此外，分析还揭示存在一个可疑分类单元，G. sp1（在匈牙利东北部占主导），以及一个新的孤立单倍群（在匈牙利西南部占主导）。尽管网络分析显示单倍群之间存在明显分离，但它们的遗传距离相当小。因此，贝叶斯系统发育分析对新描述的单倍型以及已被认可的物种的分支模式的节点支持较弱。AFLP 数据显示出明显的种群结构，通过种群距离揭示了清晰的隔离模式。同时，分离程度不受采样点海拔位置的影响。此外，我们发现种群主要分为三大簇，根据水文区域划分，这与 mtCR 分析结果相符。我们的结果表明喀尔巴阡盆地的 gudgeon 正在进行物种形成，然而单倍群的分离似乎只是一个中间阶段。发现的自然模式似乎仅受到人为影响的轻微影响。此外，我们的结果对最近在 Gobio 属分类学中被认可的分类的适用性提出了质疑。
