Birch Samantha, Cummings Laura, Oxford Samuel W, Duncan Michael J
Human Performance Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Oct;30(10):2809-15. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000526.
Birch, S, Cummings, L, Oxford, SW, and Duncan, MJ. Examining relative age effects in fundamental skill proficiency in British children aged 6-11 years. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2809-2815, 2016-The relative age effect (RAE) suggests that there is a clustering of birth dates just after the cutoff used for sports selection in age-grouped sports and that in such circumstances, relatively older sportspeople may enjoy maturational and physical advantages over their younger peers. Few studies have examined this issue in nonselective groups of children, and none have examined whether there is evidence of any RAE in skill performance. The aim of this study was to assess whether there were differences in fundamental movement skill (FMS) proficiency within children placed in age groups according to the school year. Six FMS (sprint, side gallop, balance, jump, catch, and throw) were assessed in 539 school children (258 boys and 281 girls) aged 6-11 years (mean age ± SD = 7.7 ± 1.7 years). We examined differences in these FMS between gender groups and children born in different quarters of the year after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI). For balance, chronological age was significant as a covariate (p = 0.0001) with increases in age associated with increases in balance. Boys had significantly higher sprint mastery compared with girls (p = 0.012), and increased BMI was associated with poorer sprint mastery (p = 0.001). Boys had higher catching mastery than girls (p = 0.003), and children born in Q1 had significantly greater catching mastery than those born in Q2 (p = 0.015), Q3 (p = 0.019), and Q4 (p = 0.01). Results for throwing mastery also indicated higher mastery in boys compared with girls (p = 0.013) and that children born in Q1 had higher throwing proficiency than those born in Q4 (p = 0.038). These results are important if coaches are basing sport selection on measures of skilled performance, particularly in object-control skills. Categorizing children's skilled performance based on rounded down values of whole-year age may disadvantage children born relatively later in the selection year, whereas children born earlier in the selection year will likely evidence greater skill mastery and subsequent advantage for selection purposes.
伯奇、S、卡明斯、L、牛津、SW和邓肯、MJ。研究6至11岁英国儿童基本技能熟练程度中的相对年龄效应。《力量与体能研究杂志》30(10): 2809 - 2815, 2016 - 相对年龄效应(RAE)表明，在按年龄分组的体育运动中，出生日期刚好在用于体育选拔的截止日期之后会出现聚集现象，在这种情况下，相对年长的运动员可能比他们年幼的同龄人享有成熟和身体上的优势。很少有研究在非选拔性儿童群体中探讨这个问题，也没有研究探讨在技能表现方面是否有任何相对年龄效应的证据。本研究的目的是评估根据学年划分年龄组的儿童在基本运动技能(FMS)熟练程度上是否存在差异。对539名6至11岁(平均年龄±标准差 = 7.7±1.7岁)的学童(258名男孩和281名女孩)进行了六项FMS(短跑、侧步急驰、平衡、跳跃、接球和投掷)评估。在控制年龄和体重指数(BMI)后，我们研究了这些FMS在性别组和出生于一年中不同季度的儿童之间的差异。对于平衡能力，实足年龄作为协变量具有显著性(p = 0.0001)，年龄增加与平衡能力提高相关。男孩的短跑掌握程度显著高于女孩(p = 0.012)，BMI增加与较差的短跑掌握程度相关(p = 0.001)。男孩的接球掌握程度高于女孩(p = 0.003)，第一季度出生的儿童的接球掌握程度显著高于第二季度(p = 0.015)、第三季度(p = 0.019)和第四季度(p = 0.01)出生的儿童。投掷掌握程度的结果也表明，男孩的掌握程度高于女孩(p = 0.013)，第一季度出生的儿童的投掷熟练程度高于第四季度出生的儿童(p = 0.038)。如果教练根据技能表现进行体育选拔，尤其是在控球技能方面，这些结果很重要。根据全年年龄的向下舍入值对儿童的技能表现进行分类可能会使选拔年中出生较晚的儿童处于不利地位，而选拔年中出生较早的儿童可能会表现出更高的技能掌握程度，并在选拔中获得后续优势。
