García Sánchez Emilio
Universidad Cardenal Herrera CEU. c/ Luis Vives, 1. 46115, Alfara del Patriarca (Valencia-Spain)
Cuad Bioet. 2014 Jan-Apr;25(83):169-82.
Since 1978, when the first test tube baby, Louis Brown, was born, thousands of children have been born every year through in vitro fertilization. Many families keep attending fertility clinics in order to receive some treatment for their infertility problems and have a child. Children born in this way are worthy human beings. Their parents love them and devote themselves to their children admirably, showing real parental love. However, does this loving kindness justify, from an ethical point of view, any way of desiring and having a son or daughter? Is it really an act of human love to long for a child and satisfy this desire using artificial methods? Is it equally human and worthy to wish them choosing in vitro fertilization than to wish them through an intimate and loving relationship, in which the child emerges as a result of interpersonal donation? I answer these questions by analyzing the ethics proposal formulated by Rhonheimer and Carrasco de Paula. In short, only the intimate and loving sexual union between a man and a woman -as long as it is unconditional love- may be the dignity cause of the existence of a human being. And such union and unconditional requirement are absent in vitro fertilization.
自1978年首例试管婴儿路易丝·布朗诞生以来，每年都有成千上万的孩子通过体外受精出生。许多家庭不断前往生育诊所，以便为他们的不孕问题接受某种治疗并生育一个孩子。以这种方式出生的孩子是有价值的人。他们的父母爱他们，并令人钦佩地全身心投入到孩子身上，展现出真正的父母之爱。然而，从伦理角度来看，这种慈爱是否能为任何想要儿子或女儿的方式及生育行为提供正当理由呢？渴望孩子并使用人工方法满足这种愿望真的是一种人类之爱的行为吗？比起希望通过亲密相爱的关系（孩子因人际间的馈赠而诞生）生育孩子，希望他们选择体外受精同样符合人性且有价值吗？我通过分析罗内尔海默和卡拉斯科·德·保拉提出的伦理建议来回答这些问题。简而言之，只有男人和女人之间亲密相爱的性结合——只要是无条件的爱——才可能是人类存在的尊严之源。而体外受精缺乏这种结合以及无条件的要求。
