对尸体器官捐赠持消极态度背后的因素：中国医学生与非医学生的比较

Factors behind negative attitudes toward cadaveric organ donation: a comparison between medical and non-medical students in China.

作者信息

Zhang Lei, Liu Weiran, Xie Shumin, Wang Xuejun, Mu-Lian Woo Stephanie, Miller Adam R, Yuan Du, Jiang Shusuan, Zhang Xueying, Jia Bin, Zhang Jing, Wang Changli

机构信息

1 Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. 2 Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. 3 Xiang Ya Medical School, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China. 4 Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. 5 Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. 6 Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. 7 Tumor Hospital Xiang Ya School of Medicine of Central South University, Department of Urology, Changsha, People's Republic of China. 8 Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. 9 Address correspondence to: Changli Wang, M.D., Ph.D., Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

Transplantation. 2014 Aug 12. doi: 10.1097/TP.0000000000000163.

DOI:10.1097/TP.0000000000000163

PMID:24837541

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The purposes of this study were to identify knowledge and attitudes held by Chinese university students regarding cadaveric organ donation and to understand the factors that drive negative attitudes.

METHODS

Questionnaires were delivered to 200 medical and 200 non-medical students chosen by random assignment at Central South University in China.

RESULTS

Of the 400 distributed questionnaires, 369 were completed and returned. Medical students were more likely than non-medical students to have knowledge of cadaveric organ donation, brain death, and its diagnostic criteria, as well as the appropriate time to conduct cadaveric organ donation. Furthermore, medical students were more likely than non-medical students to donate organs after death. For both medical students and non-medical students, family disapproval, public misconception, traditional culture, suspicion of premature withdrawal from life support, lack of knowledge about cadaveric organ donation, concern about inappropriate use of donated organs, and low education degree were associated with their unwillingness to donate cadaveric organs. Meanwhile, religious belief, insufficient laws and regulations, and lack of promotion were associated with medical students' negative attitude; for non-medical students, negative attitudes were also associated with nontransparent process of donation, sex, only-child, and young age.

CONCLUSION

Most Chinese student participants in this study held negative attitudes toward cadaveric organ donation. Furthermore, a considerable number of students remained indecisive, thus identifying a group of potential donors for interventionists to address when promoting cadaveric organ donation in the future.

摘要

背景

本研究旨在确定中国大学生对尸体器官捐献的知识和态度，并了解导致消极态度的因素。

方法

在中国中南大学，通过随机分配的方式向200名医学专业学生和200名非医学专业学生发放问卷。

结果

在发放的400份问卷中，369份被完成并回收。医学专业学生比非医学专业学生更有可能了解尸体器官捐献、脑死亡及其诊断标准，以及进行尸体器官捐献的合适时间。此外，医学专业学生比非医学专业学生更有可能在死后捐献器官。对于医学专业学生和非医学专业学生来说，家庭反对、公众误解、传统文化、对过早撤除生命支持的怀疑、对尸体器官捐献知识的缺乏、对捐献器官不当使用的担忧以及低学历都与他们不愿意捐献尸体器官有关。同时，宗教信仰、法律法规不完善以及缺乏宣传与医学专业学生的消极态度有关；对于非医学专业学生来说，消极态度还与捐献过程不透明、性别、独生子女身份以及年龄小有关。