Terbonssen T, Settmacher U, Dirsch O, Dahmen U
Klinik für Allgemein‑, Viszeral- und Gefäßchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Deutschland.
Institut für Pathologie, Klinikum Chemnitz gGmbH, Flemmingstraße 2, 09116, Chemnitz, Deutschland.
Chirurg. 2018 Feb;89(2):131-137. doi: 10.1007/s00104-017-0508-y.
Following the organ transplant scandal in Germany in 2011, the willingness to donate organs postmortem decreased dramatically. This was explained by a loss of confidence in the German organ donation system.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between knowledge, trust, and fear in respect to organ donation and the explicit willingness to potentially act as an organ donor by comparing medical students to students of other disciplines.
We conducted a Facebook-based online survey (June-July 2013). The participating students were divided into two groups according to their discipline: medical students and other students. Based on questions covering different aspects of organ donation, a knowledge, trust, and fear score was established and calculated. The answers were related to an explicitly expressed decision to donate organs as expressed in a signed organ donor card.
In total, 2484 participants took part in our survey. Of these, 1637 were students, 83.7% (N = 1370) of which were medical students and 16.3% (N = 267) other students. As expected, medical students reached a higher knowledge score regarding organ donation compared with other students (knowledge score 4.13 vs. 3.38; p < 0.001). They also demonstrated more confidence in organ donation, resulting in a higher confidence score (3.94 vs. 3.33; p < 0.001) and expressed less fear towards organ donation as indicated by the lower fear score (1.76 vs. 2.04; p < 0.01). Medical students declared their written willingness to donate organs more often than did other students (78.2% vs. 55.2%; p < 0.001). Entries on organ donation cards did not differ significantly between medical students and other students. Medical students possessing an organ donor card showed a higher knowledge and a higher trust score than did medical students without an organ donor card. In contrast, other students possessing an organ donor card showed a higher trust score but did not show a higher knowledge score.
The higher level of knowledge and trust demonstrated by the medical students was associated with a higher rate of written decisions to donate organs. In contrast, the lower level of knowledge and trust observed in the non-medical students was associated with a lower rate of organ donor cards. Interestingly, in the group of non-medical students, the decision regarding organ donation was associated with a higher level of trust, but not with a higher level of knowledge. It would appear that knowledge, trust, and the decision to donate organs are closely related. In cases of a low level of knowledge, confidence is even more important. Therefore, organ donation campaigns should focus on increasing knowledge and fostering trust.
2011年德国发生器官移植丑闻后，死后器官捐赠的意愿大幅下降。这被解释为对德国器官捐赠系统失去信心。
本研究的目的是通过比较医学生和其他学科的学生，评估器官捐赠方面的知识、信任和恐惧与明确表示有可能成为器官捐赠者的意愿之间的关系。
我们于2013年6月至7月进行了一项基于脸书的在线调查。参与调查的学生根据学科分为两组：医学生和其他学生。基于涵盖器官捐赠不同方面的问题，建立并计算了知识、信任和恐惧得分。答案与签署器官捐赠卡中明确表达的捐赠器官的决定相关。
共有2484名参与者参与了我们的调查。其中，1637名是学生，其中83.7%（N = 1370）是医学生，16.3%（N = 267）是其他学生。正如预期的那样，与其他学生相比，医学生在器官捐赠方面的知识得分更高（知识得分4.13对3.38；p < 0.001）。他们对器官捐赠也表现出更多的信心，从而获得更高的信任得分（3.94对3.33；p < 0.001），并且如较低的恐惧得分所示，对器官捐赠表达的恐惧更少（1.76对2.04；p < 0.01）。医学生比其他学生更频繁地声明他们书面愿意捐赠器官（78.2%对55.2%；p < 0.001）。医学生和其他学生在器官捐赠卡上的记录没有显著差异。拥有器官捐赠卡的医学生比没有器官捐赠卡的医学生表现出更高的知识和信任得分。相比之下，拥有器官捐赠卡的其他学生表现出更高的信任得分，但没有表现出更高的知识得分。
医学生表现出的更高水平的知识和信任与更高的书面捐赠器官决定率相关。相比之下，非医学生中观察到的较低水平的知识和信任与较低的器官捐赠卡率相关。有趣的是，在非医学生群体中，器官捐赠的决定与更高水平的信任相关，但与更高水平的知识无关。知识、信任和捐赠器官的决定似乎密切相关。在知识水平较低的情况下，信心甚至更重要。因此，器官捐赠活动应侧重于增加知识和培养信任。
