Rothlin Carla V, Leighton Jonathan A, Ghosh Sourav
*Department of Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; †Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and ‡Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2014 Aug;20(8):1472-80. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000050.
Three receptor tyrosine kinases, Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk (TAM) and their ligands Gas6 and Protein S, have emerged as potent negative regulators of innate immune responses. A number of studies using genetic ablation of TAM loci in mice have elucidated the mechanism of TAM engagement and function during the immune response and removal of apoptotic cells. Following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells or the induction of T-cell dependent adaptive immune responses, ligand-induced TAM signaling dampens proinflammatory cytokine production and thus prevents exaggerated or prolonged inflammation. It is believed that the TAM pathway may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Suppression of inflammation and removal of apoptotic cells followed by tissue repair are essential processes for disease remission and the successful management of inflammatory bowel disease. In light of the key role of TAMs in controlling inflammatory responses, here, we review the recent advances on TAM research vis-à-vis the resolution of intestinal inflammation. Targeted activation of TAM receptor tyrosine kinases may represent a potent therapeutic opportunity in inflammatory bowel disease.
三种受体酪氨酸激酶,即Tyro3、Axl和Mertk(TAM)及其配体Gas6和蛋白S,已成为先天性免疫反应的有效负调节因子。许多利用小鼠TAM基因座基因敲除的研究阐明了TAM在免疫反应和凋亡细胞清除过程中的作用机制。在凋亡细胞被吞噬或诱导T细胞依赖性适应性免疫反应后,配体诱导的TAM信号传导会抑制促炎细胞因子的产生,从而防止炎症过度或持续。人们认为,TAM途径可能在炎症性肠病的发病机制中起重要作用。炎症的抑制、凋亡细胞的清除以及随后的组织修复是疾病缓解和成功治疗炎症性肠病的关键过程。鉴于TAM在控制炎症反应中的关键作用,在此,我们综述了TAM研究在肠道炎症消退方面的最新进展。靶向激活TAM受体酪氨酸激酶可能为炎症性肠病提供一种有效的治疗机会。