Phelps D L
Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY, USA.
Mead Johnson Symp Perinat Dev Med. 1988(33):63-70.
Increasing numbers of immature infants are surviving with incompletely developed retinal vessels at risk for ROP. Since adverse perinatal events seem closely associated with the more severe forms of the disorder, neonatologists may be able to contribute most to the reduction of vision loss if they can optimize the neonatal course of these infants. However, to date, no particular intervention has been proven to be efficacious in preventing ROP. On the other hand, cryotherapy has been found effective in stopping the progress of severe ROP to retinal detachments about half the time. This places a responsibility on the neonatologist and ophthalmologist to assure that each at-risk infant is examined by 4-6 weeks of age to enable the prompt application of cryotherapy if severe ROP develops. This is presently the infant's best chance of retaining useful vision, and appropriate nursery policies should be developed to ensure its availability. Additional research is needed to understand the control of regression vs progression in ROP and to explore potential means of preventing the disease altogether.
越来越多的早产儿在视网膜血管发育不完全的情况下存活下来，面临发生视网膜病变（ROP）的风险。由于围产期不良事件似乎与该疾病的更严重形式密切相关，如果新生儿科医生能够优化这些婴儿的新生儿期病程，他们可能对减少视力丧失贡献最大。然而，迄今为止，尚未证明任何特定干预措施在预防ROP方面有效。另一方面，已发现冷冻疗法在约一半的情况下可有效阻止严重ROP发展为视网膜脱离。这使新生儿科医生和眼科医生有责任确保对每一名高危婴儿在4至6周龄时进行检查，以便在发生严重ROP时能够迅速应用冷冻疗法。这是目前婴儿保留有用视力的最佳机会，应制定适当的保育政策以确保能够进行冷冻疗法。需要进行更多研究以了解ROP中退行与进展的控制，并探索完全预防该疾病的潜在方法。
