Golz A, Zohar S, Avraham S, Joachims H Z, Danino J, Merzbach D
Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa.
Harefuah. 1989 Sep;117(5-6):141-3.
Among the conditions which can cause epistaxis are intranasal or nasopharyngeal foreign bodies. A living foreign body, or parasite, in the nose or nasopharynx is rare in western countries, but in other parts of the world is a fairly common cause of epistaxis. In the past 5 years 17 cases of epistaxis due to infestation with leeches were treated in our 2 departments. In 14 patients, 9-27 years old, the complaint was of recurrent episodes of mild epistaxis and blood-spitting several days before admission. 3 patients were admitted hemorrhaging profusely from the nose and mouth. Examination showed a green-brown mass protruding from the nasopharynx behind the soft palate, which is every case was a blood-engorged leech. Treatment consisted of removing the leech by applying a forceps to the middle of the leech's body and giving a quick pull. Bleeding ceased immediately after removal of the leech. All the patients had drunk water from brooks, streams or fresh water lakes. Therefore, in areas in which leeches are present only boiled or filtered water should be drunk.
可导致鼻出血的情况包括鼻内或鼻咽部异物。在西方国家，鼻腔或鼻咽部存在活的异物或寄生虫的情况较为罕见，但在世界其他地区，这是鼻出血的一个相当常见的原因。在过去5年里，我们两个科室共治疗了17例因水蛭寄生导致鼻出血的病例。14名患者年龄在9至27岁之间，主诉在入院前几天反复出现轻度鼻出血和咯血。3名患者入院时口鼻大量出血。检查发现软腭后方的鼻咽部有一个绿褐色肿物，每例均为充血的水蛭。治疗方法是用镊子夹住水蛭身体中部并迅速拉出，将其取出。水蛭取出后出血立即停止。所有患者都饮用过溪水、小河或淡水湖中的水。因此，在有水蛭的地区，应只饮用煮沸或过滤后的水。
