Hone-Blanchet Antoine, Fecteau Shirley
Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Medical School, Laval University, Canada.
Laboratory of Canada Research Chair in Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Québec, Medical School, Laval University, Canada; Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2014 Oct;85:81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.019. Epub 2014 May 24.
Food has both homeostatic and hedonic components, which makes it a potent natural reward. Food related reward could therefore promote an escalation of intake and trigger symptoms associated to withdrawal, suggesting a behavioral parallel with substance abuse. Animal and human theoretical models of food reward and addiction have emerged, raising further interrogations on the validity of a bond between Substance Use Disorders, as clinically categorized in the DSM 5, and food reward. These models propose that highly palatable food items, rich in sugar and/or fat, are overly stimulating to the brain's reward pathways. Moreover, studies have also investigated the possibility of causal link between food reward and the contemporary obesity epidemic, with obesity being potentiated and maintained due to this overwhelming food reward. Although natural rewards are a hot topic in the definition and categorization of Substance Use Disorders, proofs of concept and definite evidence are still inconclusive. This review focuses on available results from experimental studies in animal and human models exploring the concept of food addiction, in an effort to determine if it depicts a specific phenotype and if there is truly a neurobiological similarity between food addiction and Substance Use Disorders. It describes results from sugar, fat and sweet-fat bingeing in rodent models, and behavioral and neurobiological assessments in different human populations. Although pieces of behavioral and neurobiological evidence supporting a food addiction phenotype in animals and humans are interesting, it seems premature to conclude on its validity.
食物具有稳态和享乐两个组成部分，这使其成为一种强大的天然奖赏。因此，与食物相关的奖赏会促使摄入量增加，并引发与戒断相关的症状，这表明在行为方面与药物滥用存在相似之处。关于食物奖赏和成瘾的动物及人类理论模型已经出现，这进一步引发了人们对《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第5版（DSM - 5）临床分类中的物质使用障碍与食物奖赏之间关联有效性的质疑。这些模型提出，富含糖和/或脂肪的高美味食物会过度刺激大脑的奖赏通路。此外，研究还探讨了食物奖赏与当代肥胖流行之间因果联系的可能性，认为肥胖因这种过度的食物奖赏而加剧并持续存在。尽管天然奖赏在物质使用障碍的定义和分类中是一个热门话题，但概念验证和确凿证据仍然没有定论。这篇综述聚焦于动物和人类模型实验研究的现有结果，以探索食物成瘾的概念，试图确定它是否描绘了一种特定的表型，以及食物成瘾与物质使用障碍之间是否真的存在神经生物学上的相似性。它描述了啮齿动物模型中糖、脂肪和糖 - 脂肪暴饮暴食的结果，以及不同人群的行为和神经生物学评估。尽管支持动物和人类食物成瘾表型的行为和神经生物学证据很有趣，但就此得出其有效性的结论似乎还为时过早。
