Research Group for Neuromotor Rehabilitation, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Belgium.
Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Belgium.
Gait Posture. 2014 Jun;40(2):321-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.04.204. Epub 2014 May 6.
Although previous research has studied arm swing during walking, to date, it remains unclear what the contribution of passive dynamics versus active muscle control to arm swing is. In this study, we measured arm swing kinematics with 3D-motion analysis. We used a musculoskeletal model in OpenSim and generated dynamic simulations of walking with and without upper limb muscle excitations. We then compared arm swing amplitude and relative phase during both simulations to verify the extent to which passive dynamics contribute to arm swing. The results confirm that passive dynamics are partly responsible for arm swing during walking. However, without muscle activity, passive swing amplitude and relative phase decrease significantly (both p<0.05), the latter inducing a more in-phase swing pattern of the arms. Therefore, we conclude that muscle activity is needed to increase arm swing amplitude and modify relative phase during human walking to obtain an out-phase movement relative to the legs.
虽然之前的研究已经研究了行走时的手臂摆动，但迄今为止，对于手臂摆动是由被动动力学还是主动肌肉控制贡献的，仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用 3D 运动分析测量了手臂摆动的运动学。我们使用 OpenSim 中的肌肉骨骼模型，并生成了带有和不带有上肢肌肉激励的行走的动力学模拟。然后，我们比较了这两种模拟中的手臂摆动幅度和相对相位，以验证被动动力学对手臂摆动的贡献程度。结果证实，被动动力学在行走时手臂摆动中起部分作用。然而，如果没有肌肉活动，被动摆动幅度和相对相位会显著减小（均 p<0.05），后者导致手臂的摆动模式更加同相。因此，我们得出结论，肌肉活动对于增加行走时手臂的摆动幅度和改变相对相位是必要的，以获得相对于腿部的异相运动。
