Kantor Yuri, Lozouet Pierre, Puillandre Nicolas, Bouchet Philippe
A.N.Severtzov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninski prosp. 33, Moscow 119071, Russia.; Email:
2Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 55, Rue Buffon, 75231, Paris, France.; Email:
Zootaxa. 2014 Jan 15;3754:239-76. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3754.3.2.
Most neogastropod families have a continuous record from the Cretaceous or Paleogene to the Recent. However, the fossil record also contains a number of obscure nominal families with unusual shell characters that are not adequately placed in the current classification. Some of these are traditionally regarded as valid, and some have been "lost" in synonymy. One such "lost" family is the Pyramimitridae, established by Cossmann in 1901 for the Eocene genus Pyramimitra, and currently included in the synonymy of Buccinidae. Examination of several species of inconspicuous, small turriform gastropods has revealed a radula type so far unknown in Neogastropoda, and their shell characters identify them as members of the "extinct" family Pyramimitridae. Neither the radular morphology nor the anatomy reveal the relationships of this enigmatic, "living fossil" family. Molecular data (12S, 16S, 28S, COI) confirm the recognition of Pyramimitridae as a distinct family, but no sister group was identified in the analysis. The family Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901, is thus restored as a valid family of Neogastropoda that includes the genera Pyramimitra Conrad, 1865, Endiatoma Cossmann, 1896, Vaughanites Woodring, 1928, Hortia Lozouet, 1999, and Teremitra new genus. Pyramimitrids occur in the Recent fauna at bathyal depths of the Indo-Pacific from Taiwan to Madagascar and New Zealand, with three genera and nine species (all but one new).
大多数新腹足目科从白垩纪或古近纪到现代都有连续的记录。然而，化石记录中也包含一些具有不寻常壳特征的模糊命名科，它们在当前分类中没有得到恰当归类。其中一些传统上被视为有效科，而有些则已在同物异名中“消失”。这样一个“消失”的科是棱拟捻螺科（Pyramimitridae），由科斯曼（Cossmann）于1901年为始新世的棱拟捻螺属（Pyramimita）建立，目前被归入骨螺科（Buccinidae）的同物异名中。对几种不显眼的小型塔形腹足类动物的研究揭示了一种迄今在新腹足目中未知的齿舌类型，并且它们的壳特征将它们鉴定为“已灭绝”的棱拟捻螺科的成员。无论是齿舌形态还是解剖结构都没有揭示这个神秘的“活化石”科的亲缘关系。分子数据（12S、16S、28S、细胞色素氧化酶亚基I）证实棱拟捻螺科应被视为一个独特的科，但在分析中未确定其姐妹类群。因此，1901年科斯曼建立的棱拟捻螺科被恢复为新腹足目的一个有效科，包括1865年康拉德建立的棱拟捻螺属、1896年科斯曼建立的恩迪阿托马属（Endiatoma）、1928年伍德里奇建立的沃恩拟捻螺属（Vaughanites）、1999年洛祖埃建立的霍尔蒂拟捻螺属（Hortia）以及新建立的特雷米特拉属（Teremitra）。棱拟捻螺出现在印度 - 太平洋地区从台湾到马达加斯加和新西兰的现代深海动物区系中，有三个属和九个物种（除一个外均为新物种）。
