Semelbauer Marek, Kozánek Milan
Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK - 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.; Email:
Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK - 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia.; Email: unknown.
Zootaxa. 2014 Mar 24;3780:401-54. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3780.3.1.
The immature stages of insects can provide valuable data both for taxonomy and phylogeny, but they are well known only for negligible proportion of the described species. Here we describe lauxaniid immatures for 17 species that were reared under laboratory conditions and subjected to morphological investigation. Following species were included in our study: Cnemacantha muscaria, Homoneura biumbrata, Homoneura limnea, Minettia austriaca, Minettia fasciata, Minettia flaviventris, Minettia loewi, Minettia plumicornis, Peplomyza litura, Poecilolycia vittata, Pseudolyciella pallidiventris, Sapromyza apicalis, Sapromyza hyalinata, Sapromyza intonsa, Sapromyza sexpunctata, Sapromyzosoma quadripunctata, Sapromyzosoma quadricincta. SEM images of the eggs are provided along with the illustrations of the cephaloskeleton and brief description of all three larval instars. The cephaloskeleton, as well as external morphology suggest that subgenus Minettia s. str. may not be monophyletic. Species Sapromyza sexpunctata and Sapromyzosoma spp., Pseudolyciella pallidiventris and Poecilolycia. vittata are probably closely related. Sapromyza apicalis, S. hyalinata and possibly also S. intonsa form a separate clade from the previous group. These results clearly support the long-standing suspicion, that genus Sapromyza is not monophyletic. Sapromyza sexpunctata should be considered a separate genus related to Sapromyzosoma. The spines on dorsal surface of labial lobe suggest relationships between Peplomyza and Meiosimyza species. Affinities of Cnemacantha muscaria remain uncertain. However, the extended Malpighian tubules suggest relationship to Homoneura or Minettia.
昆虫的未成熟阶段可为分类学和系统发育学提供有价值的数据，但只有可忽略不计比例的已描述物种的未成熟阶段为人所知。在此，我们描述了在实验室条件下饲养并经过形态学研究的17种扁角蝇科昆虫的未成熟阶段。我们的研究包括以下物种：肉色扁角蝇、双暗同脉蝇、湖同脉蝇、奥地利米内蝇、带纹米内蝇、黄腹米内蝇、勒氏米内蝇、羽角米内蝇、污斑佩普蝇、带纹波氏蝇、苍白腹伪蝇、顶腐蝇、透明腐蝇、污腐蝇、六斑腐蝇、四斑腐蝇属、四带腐蝇属。提供了卵的扫描电子显微镜图像以及头壳骨骼图，并对所有三个幼虫龄期进行了简要描述。头壳骨骼以及外部形态表明，狭义米内蝇亚属可能不是单系的。六斑腐蝇属和腐蝇属物种、苍白腹伪蝇和带纹波氏蝇可能关系密切。顶腐蝇与透明腐蝇以及可能还有污腐蝇与前一组形成一个单独的分支。这些结果明确支持了长期以来的怀疑，即腐蝇属不是单系的。六斑腐蝇应被视为与腐蝇属相关的一个单独属。唇叶背面的刺表明佩普蝇和微拟蝇属物种之间的关系。肉色扁角蝇的亲缘关系仍不确定。然而，延长的马氏管表明它与同脉蝇属或米内蝇属有关。
