University of California, Davis, One Shield Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1028-31. doi: 10.1126/science.1250763.
Resolving conflicting ecosystem management goals-such as maintaining fisheries while conserving marine species or harvesting timber while preserving habitat-is a widely recognized challenge. Even more challenging may be conflicts between two conservation goals that are typically considered complementary. Here, we model a case where eradication of an invasive plant, hybrid Spartina, threatens the recovery of an endangered bird that uses Spartina for nesting. Achieving both goals requires restoration of native Spartina. We show that the optimal management entails less intensive treatment over longer time scales to fit with the time scale of natural processes. In contrast, both eradication and restoration, when considered separately, would optimally proceed as fast as possible. Thus, managers should simultaneously consider multiple, potentially conflicting goals, which may require flexibility in the timing of expenditures.
解决相互冲突的生态系统管理目标——例如在维持渔业的同时保护海洋物种，或在采伐木材的同时保护栖息地——是一个公认的挑战。更具挑战性的可能是两个通常被认为是互补的保护目标之间的冲突。在这里，我们模拟了一种情况，即入侵植物杂交互花米草的根除威胁到一种利用互花米草筑巢的濒危鸟类的恢复。要实现这两个目标，就需要恢复本地互花米草。我们表明，最优管理需要在更长的时间尺度上进行较少的密集处理，以适应自然过程的时间尺度。相比之下，根除和恢复如果单独考虑，最优的做法是尽快进行。因此，管理者应该同时考虑多个潜在冲突的目标，这可能需要在支出时间上具有灵活性。
