Schwarz Lukas, Worliczek Hanna Lucia, Winkler Max, Joachim Anja
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria.
Vet Parasitol. 2014 Aug 29;204(3-4):158-68. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.04.026. Epub 2014 May 2.
Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora) suis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in neonatal piglets. To address the possibility of maternal immunization against C. suis infection six non-naïve pregnant sows were superinfected with 100,000 oocysts 2 weeks ante partum and compared to non-superinfected animals. Their piglets were infected with 1000 oocysts on the third day of life. Clinical and parasitological parameters as well as antibody titers in colostrum/milk and blood of sows and in the blood of piglets were evaluated by IFAT against sporozoites and merozoites from 2 weeks ante partum until the 35th day after birth. For IFAT two different invasive stages of C. suis were used to find possible differences between the immune response against the initially infectious stages (sporozoites) and later occurring asexual developmental stages (merozoites), which might be responsible for persisting/extraintestinal infections. IFN-γ production of PBMC and piglet splenocytes was determined by ELISPOT. Maternal superinfection resulted in increased titers of IgA, IgM and IgG in colostrum and milk as well as in the blood of sows and their piglets. Oocyst shedding and diarrhea were observed in the offspring of both groups, but piglets of superinfected sows showed significantly reduced oocyst shedding and less diarrhea. This protective effect was correlated with increased titers of antibodies, especially IgA, in colostrum, milk and blood serum of sows and piglets, and with the reactivity of splenocytes to parasite antigen. Superinfection of sows ante partum could partially protect piglets against the clinical outcome of experimental infection. Both colostrum and milk contain maternal protective substances as the effect of protection was highly correlated with antibody titers during the first 2 weeks of life. IgA in different substrates may serve as a marker for the level of protection against clinical cystoisosporosis.
猪等孢球虫（同义词：猪等孢球虫）是新生仔猪腹泻病的主要病因。为探讨母体免疫预防猪等孢球虫感染的可能性，6头非初孕母猪在产前2周用100,000个卵囊进行超感染，并与未超感染的动物进行比较。它们的仔猪在出生后第3天感染1000个卵囊。从产前2周直至出生后第35天，通过间接荧光抗体试验（IFAT）针对子孢子和裂殖子评估母猪初乳/乳汁和血液以及仔猪血液中的临床和寄生虫学参数以及抗体滴度。对于IFAT，使用猪等孢球虫的两个不同侵入阶段来发现针对最初感染阶段（子孢子）和后来出现的无性发育阶段（裂殖子）的免疫反应之间可能存在的差异，这可能与持续性/肠外感染有关。通过酶联免疫斑点试验（ELISPOT）测定外周血单核细胞（PBMC）和仔猪脾细胞产生的干扰素-γ。母体超感染导致初乳和乳汁以及母猪及其仔猪血液中IgA、IgM和IgG滴度升高。两组后代均观察到卵囊排出和腹泻，但超感染母猪的仔猪卵囊排出明显减少，腹泻也较少。这种保护作用与母猪和仔猪初乳、乳汁和血清中抗体滴度的升高以及脾细胞对寄生虫抗原的反应性相关。产前超感染母猪可部分保护仔猪免受实验性感染的临床后果。初乳和乳汁均含有母体保护性物质，因为保护作用与出生后前2周的抗体滴度高度相关。不同底物中的IgA可作为预防临床等孢球虫病保护水平的标志物。
