Johnson M A, Gregson I R, Mills D E, Gonzalez J T, Sharpe G R
Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK,
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014 Sep;114(9):1821-30. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-2914-x. Epub 2014 May 31.
This study examined the effects of an active cycling warm-up, with and without the addition of an inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), on 10-km cycling time-trial performance.
Ten cyclists (VO₂ = 65 ± 9 mL kg(-1) min(-1)) performed a habituation 10-km cycling time-trial and three further time-trials preceded by either no warm-up (CONT), a cycling-specific warm-up (CYC) comprising three consecutive 5-min bouts at powers corresponding to 70, 80, and 90% of the gas exchange threshold, or a cycling-specific warm-up preceded by an IMW (CYC + IMW) comprising two sets of 30 inspiratory efforts against a pressure-threshold load of 40% maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP). The cycling warm-up was followed by 2-min rest before the start of the time-trial.
Time-trial performance times during CYC (14.75 ± 0.79 min) and CYC + IMW (14.70 ± 0.75 min) were not different, although both were faster than CONT (14.99 ± 0.90 min) (P < 0.05). Throughout the time-trial, physiological (minute ventilation, breathing pattern, pulmonary gas exchange, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and pH) and perceptual (limb discomfort and dyspnoea) responses were not different between CYC and CYC + IMW. Baseline MIP during CONT and CYC was 151 ± 31 and 156 ± 39 cmH₂O, respectively, and was unchanged following the time-trial. MIP increased by 8% after IMW (152 ± 27 vs. 164 ± 27 cmH2O, P < 0.05) and returned to baseline after the time-trial.
Improvements in 10-km cycling time-trial performance following an active cycling warm-up were not magnified by the addition of an IMW. Therefore, an appropriately designed active whole-body warm-up does adequately prepare the inspiratory muscles for cycling time-trials lasting approximately 15 min.
本研究探讨了主动骑行热身（有无吸气肌热身（IMW））对10公里骑行计时赛成绩的影响。
10名自行车运动员（最大摄氧量=65±9毫升·千克⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）进行了一次适应性10公里骑行计时赛，以及另外三次计时赛，赛前分别为无热身（对照组）、特定骑行热身（CYC），包括以对应气体交换阈值70%、80%和90%的功率连续进行三次5分钟的骑行，或在特定骑行热身之前进行IMW（CYC+IMW），包括两组针对40%最大吸气压力（MIP）的压力阈值负荷进行30次吸气努力。骑行热身结束后，在计时赛开始前休息2分钟。
CYC组（14.75±0.79分钟）和CYC+IMW组（14.70±0.75分钟）的计时赛成绩没有差异，尽管两者都比对照组（14.99±0.90分钟）快（P<0.05）。在整个计时赛过程中，CYC组和CYC+IMW组在生理（分钟通气量、呼吸模式、肺气体交换、心率、血乳酸浓度和pH值）和感知（肢体不适和呼吸困难）反应方面没有差异。对照组和CYC组的基线MIP分别为151±31和156±39厘米水柱，计时赛后保持不变。IMW后MIP增加了8%（152±27对164±27厘米水柱，P<0.05），计时赛后恢复到基线水平。
主动骑行热身对10公里骑行计时赛成绩的提升并未因增加IMW而进一步放大。因此，适当设计的主动全身热身能够充分为持续约15分钟的骑行计时赛准备好吸气肌。
