Lengele B, Dhem A
Unité d'Anatomie Humaine, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Louvain-en-Woluwe, Bruxelles.
Arch Anat Histol Embryol. 1989;72:57-67.
Three cases of multiple anomalies involving the vessels and nerves of the axilla are reported. The main common characteristic between them was the unilateral existence of a superficial brachial artery. The other arterial variations encountered were mostly represented by an assembling of some of the usual branches of the axillary artery in a common trunk which we called thoracdorso-subscapular trunk. In two cases, this trunk gave rise to the posterior circumflex humeral artery. Several nervous anomalies accompanied these atypical vascular patterns. The medial fasciculus of the brachial plexus was absent in one subject and an aberrant course of the brachial artery through the median loop was then observed. The two other cadavers showed variations in the distribution of the intermediate trunk and lateral fasciculus of the plexus. Embryologically, the persistence of various segmental arteries in the axilla seems to be responsible for the described anomalies. Otherwise, the present study indicates that the segmental origin of the axillary artery and its pattern of branching may determine the arrangement of the brachial plexus during the fetal development.
本文报告了3例累及腋窝血管和神经的多发畸形病例。它们之间的主要共同特征是单侧存在肱浅动脉。其他动脉变异大多表现为腋动脉的一些常见分支汇聚于一个共同的主干，我们称之为胸背-肩胛下干。在2例病例中，该主干发出旋肱后动脉。这些非典型血管模式伴有多种神经异常。1例受试者臂丛内侧束缺如，随后观察到肱动脉经正中袢的异常走行。另外2具尸体显示臂丛中间干和外侧束的分布存在变异。从胚胎学角度来看，腋窝各节段动脉的持续存在似乎是导致上述畸形的原因。此外，本研究表明，腋动脉的节段起源及其分支模式可能在胎儿发育过程中决定臂丛的排列。
