对澳大利亚全科医生营养护理实践的直接观察。

Direct observation of the nutrition care practices of Australian general practitioners.

作者信息

Ball Lauren E, Desbrow Ben, Yelland Michael, Leveritt Michael D

机构信息

School of Public Health and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Queensland 4222, Australia.

School of Public Health and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.

出版信息

J Prim Health Care. 2014 Jun 1;6(2):143-7.

PMID:24892132

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Nutrition care refers to nutrition-related advice or counselling provided by health professionals in an attempt to improve the nutrition behaviour of patients.

AIM

The aim of this study was to describe the practices of a sample of Australian general practitioners (GPs) when providing nutrition care to adult patients.

METHODS

Eighteen GPs (13 male, 5 female) were observed by fourth-year medical students during their general practice rotation. Each GP was observed for five consultations that included nutrition care, totalling 90 observed consultations. In each consultation, students completed a 31-item nutrition care checklist of nutrition care practices that could feasibly occur in a standard consultation. Each practice was marked with either a 'yes' (completed), 'no' (did not complete) or 'completed by practice nurse prior to or after the consultation'.

RESULTS

Twenty-eight nutrition care practices were observed at least once. The most frequently observed practices were measuring and discussing blood pressure (76.7%; n=69), followed by general questions about current diet (74.4%; n=67). Approximately half of the consultations included a statement of a nutrition-related problem (52.2%; n=47), and the provision of nutrition advice that focused on a nutrient (45.6%; n=41) or food group (52.2%; n=47). Consultations with male GPs, as well as GPs with more than 25 years of experience, were associated with an increased number of nutrition care practices per consultation.

DISCUSSION

The GPs performed nutrition care practices in varying frequencies. Further research is required to identify the most effective GP nutrition care practices to improve the nutrition behaviour of patients.

摘要

引言

营养护理是指健康专业人员提供的与营养相关的建议或咨询，旨在改善患者的营养行为。

目的

本研究的目的是描述澳大利亚全科医生（GP）样本在为成年患者提供营养护理时的做法。

方法

四年级医学生在全科实习轮转期间观察了18名全科医生（13名男性，5名女性）。每位全科医生被观察了5次包括营养护理的会诊，总共观察了90次会诊。在每次会诊中，学生们完成了一份31项的营养护理实践清单，这些实践在标准会诊中可能会出现。每项实践都标记为“是”（已完成）、“否”（未完成）或“会诊前或会诊后由实习护士完成”。

结果

观察到至少一次的营养护理实践有28项。观察到最频繁的实践是测量和讨论血压（76.7%；n = 69），其次是关于当前饮食的一般问题（74.4%；n = 67）。大约一半的会诊包括一份营养相关问题的陈述（52.2%；n = 47），以及提供侧重于一种营养素（45.6%；n = 41）或食物组（52.2%；n = 47）的营养建议。与男性全科医生以及有超过25年经验的全科医生的会诊，每次会诊的营养护理实践数量增加。