Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Addiction. 2014 Aug;109(8):1260-7. doi: 10.1111/add.12577. Epub 2014 Jun 3.
To assess whether immunization attenuates nicotinic stimulation of the brain and elucidate brain and behavioural responses during exposure to smoking cues and a working memory task.
Randomized, placebo-controlled parallel-group, repeated-measures design.
Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
Forty-eight male smokers were randomized to receive five injections with either 400 μg/ml of the 3'-aminomethylnicotine Pseudomonas aeruginosa r-Exoprotein-conjugated vaccine or placebo. Subjects were tested on two occasions, once after a nicotine challenge and once after a placebo challenge, and were asked to refrain from smoking 10 hours before testing.
Reaction-times and accuracies were recorded during an n-back task. Moreover, regional blood oxygenated level-dependent (BOLD) response was measured during this task and during smoking cue exposure.
Greater activation was found in response to smoking cues compared to neutral cues in bilateral trans-occipital sulcus (P < 0.005); however, this effect did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. There was no difference in brain activity to smoking cues between the treatment groups and no effects of acute nicotine challenge were established. For the n-back task we found working memory load-sensitive increases in brain activity in several frontal and parietal areas (P < 0.0025). However, no effects of immunization or nicotine challenge were observed.
No significant effects of immunization on brain activity in response to a nicotine challenge were established. Therefore this vaccine is not likely to be an effective aid in smoking cessation.
评估免疫接种是否能减弱尼古丁对大脑的刺激，并阐明在接触吸烟线索和进行工作记忆任务时大脑和行为的反应。
随机、安慰剂对照、平行组、重复测量设计。
荷兰马斯特里赫特大学。
48 名男性吸烟者被随机分配接受 5 次注射，分别接受 400μg/ml 的 3'-氨基甲基烟碱假单胞菌 r-外蛋白结合疫苗或安慰剂。受试者在两次测试中接受测试，一次是在尼古丁挑战后，一次是在安慰剂挑战后，并被要求在测试前 10 小时戒烟。
在 n-back 任务中记录反应时间和准确率。此外，在这项任务和吸烟线索暴露期间，还测量了局部血氧水平依赖（BOLD）反应。
与中性线索相比，吸烟线索引起的双侧跨枕沟（trans-occipital sulcus）区域的激活更强（P<0.005）；然而，在进行多次比较校正后，这种效应不再显著。治疗组之间在对吸烟线索的大脑活动方面没有差异，也没有发现急性尼古丁挑战的影响。对于 n-back 任务，我们发现大脑活动在几个额叶和顶叶区域随着工作记忆负荷的增加而增加（P<0.0025）。然而，没有观察到免疫接种或尼古丁挑战的影响。
免疫接种对尼古丁挑战引起的大脑活动没有显著影响。因此，这种疫苗不太可能成为戒烟的有效辅助手段。
