Khan Jehangir, Vesel Linda, Bahl Rajiv, Martines José Carlos
Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata, 205 02, Malmo, Sweden,
Matern Child Health J. 2015 Mar;19(3):468-79. doi: 10.1007/s10995-014-1526-8.
The purpose of this study was to review the evidence on the effect of initiation of breastfeeding early after birth and of exclusive breastfeeding during the first month in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity. We searched Cochrane and PubMed databases for all available papers addressing our review questions and identified eleven papers. Data were extracted using a standard abstraction form. Evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Meta-analysis was done using STATA 11.0. Early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk of neonatal mortality. Initiating breastfeeding after the first hour doubled the risk of neonatal mortality. Exclusively breastfed neonates had a lower risk of mortality and infection-related deaths in the first month than partially breastfed neonates. Exclusively breastfed neonates also had a significantly lower risk of sepsis, diarrhea and respiratory infections compared with those partially breastfed. The pooled evidence indicates that substantial benefits in reducing neonatal mortality and morbidity can be achieved with effective promotion of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding during the first month of life.
本研究的目的是回顾关于出生后尽早开始母乳喂养以及在第一个月进行纯母乳喂养对降低新生儿死亡率和发病率影响的证据。我们在Cochrane和PubMed数据库中检索了所有涉及我们综述问题的可用论文，并确定了11篇论文。使用标准摘要表格提取数据。使用推荐分级评估、制定和评价系统对证据进行评估。使用STATA 11.0进行荟萃分析。尽早开始母乳喂养与降低新生儿死亡率的风险相关。出生后1小时后开始母乳喂养会使新生儿死亡风险加倍。纯母乳喂养的新生儿在第一个月的死亡率和感染相关死亡风险低于部分母乳喂养的新生儿。与部分母乳喂养的新生儿相比，纯母乳喂养的新生儿患败血症、腹泻和呼吸道感染的风险也显著更低。汇总证据表明，通过有效促进出生后尽早开始母乳喂养和在生命的第一个月进行纯母乳喂养，可在降低新生儿死亡率和发病率方面取得显著益处。
