Saba Maya, Dan Emil, Bittoun Renee, Saini Bandana
Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney , Sydney, NSW , Australia .
J Asthma. 2014 Nov;51(9):934-42. doi: 10.3109/02770903.2014.930481. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
People with asthma smoke at least as much as, if not more than, people without asthma. The aim of this study was to explore the unique healthcare needs and preferences of smokers with asthma, in terms of smoking topography and initiation, perceived interplay between asthma and smoking, motivation and readiness to quit, and proposed smoking cessation techniques.
Qualitative, semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews with adult smokers who have concurrent asthma were conducted. Participants were recruited through flyers displayed at community pharmacies, general practice surgeries, university campuses, and respiratory clinics of tertiary hospitals and through an advertisement on the "Asthma Foundation" website. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using NVivo 10 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia). Obtained data were content-analysed for emergent themes using the 'framework approach'.
Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted. Most participants believed that smoking often worsens their asthma and increases the frequency and severity of their symptoms. Fear of asthma-related exacerbations and poor self-control appeared to be the major triggers for quitting smoking. Most patients reported being motivated to quit smoking; however, in many cases, determination and strong will power need to be coupled with public, social, professional, and therapeutic support to achieve and maintain success.
Given the unique needs of people with asthma who smoke, it is imperative that evidence-based smoking cessation programs be designed and tailored to assist them in effectively quitting smoking.
哮喘患者吸烟的比例即使不比非哮喘患者多，也至少与他们一样多。本研究的目的是从吸烟特征与开始吸烟情况、感知到的哮喘与吸烟之间的相互作用、戒烟动机与准备情况以及建议的戒烟技巧等方面，探索哮喘吸烟者独特的医疗保健需求和偏好。
对患有哮喘的成年吸烟者进行了定性、半结构化的深入电话访谈。通过在社区药房、全科诊所、大学校园和三级医院呼吸科诊所张贴传单以及在“哮喘基金会”网站上刊登广告来招募参与者。对录制的访谈进行逐字转录，并使用NVivo 10软件（QSR国际公司，澳大利亚维多利亚州墨尔本）进行分析。使用“框架方法”对获得的数据进行内容分析，以找出新出现的主题。
进行了24次半结构化访谈。大多数参与者认为吸烟常常会加重他们的哮喘，并增加症状的发作频率和严重程度。对与哮喘相关的病情加重的恐惧和自我控制能力差似乎是戒烟的主要触发因素。大多数患者表示有戒烟的动机；然而，在许多情况下，决心和坚强的意志力还需要与公众、社会、专业和治疗方面的支持相结合，才能实现并维持戒烟成功。
鉴于吸烟的哮喘患者有独特的需求，必须设计并量身定制基于证据的戒烟计划，以帮助他们有效戒烟。
