Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Jan;15(1):103-11. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nts095. Epub 2012 May 15.
Daily light smoking is increasing and disproportionately represented among Latinos. The current study examines differences in smoking attitudes, psychosocial characteristics, risk perceptions, and cessation rates between Latino daily light (3-9 cigarettes/day) and heavier smokers (≥ 10 cigarettes/day).
Participants (N = 131; M(age) = 36.8, 73.3% female, 53.1% light smokers) were enrolled in a study focused on motivating smokers to quit. Cessation was biochemically verified at 2 and 3 months after end of treatment.
Heavier smoking was more prevalent among males (65.7%) and those from Puerto Rico (69.0%). Compared with heavier smokers, light smokers were less nicotine dependent (p < .001), reported fewer pros of smoking (p ≤ .001), less perceived stress (p ≤ .001), had fewer friends who smoked (p ≤ .005), were more likely to live in a household with an indoor smoking ban (p ≤ .001), and self-reported better health (p < .05). Regarding risk perceptions, Latino light smokers reported less perceived vulnerability for the health effects from smoking on their child's health (p < .05). There were no significant differences in smoking cessation rates between daily light and heavier smokers at either 2- or 3-month follow-up. Belief that quitting would improve "their own health," however, significantly predicted smoking cessation at both 2- and 3-month follow-up, but only among heavier smokers.
Latino light smokers do not seem to be more likely to quit smoking than Latinos who smoke at heavier rates. Differences between Latino light and heavier smokers in demographics, smoking attitudes, and psychosocial factors may need to be considered when developing cessation programs and mass media campaigns. Future research should continue to explore whether Latino light smokers need different or more targeted treatments.
每日轻度吸烟的现象正在增加，且在拉丁裔人群中更为普遍。本研究旨在探讨拉丁裔每日轻度吸烟者（3-9 支/天）和重度吸烟者（≥10 支/天）在吸烟态度、心理社会特征、风险认知和戒烟率方面的差异。
共有 131 名参与者（M（年龄）=36.8 岁，73.3%为女性，53.1%为轻度吸烟者）参与了一项旨在激励吸烟者戒烟的研究。在治疗结束后 2 个月和 3 个月时通过生物化学方法验证了戒烟情况。
男性（65.7%）和波多黎各裔（69.0%）人群中重度吸烟者更为常见。与重度吸烟者相比，轻度吸烟者尼古丁依赖程度较低（p<0.001），吸烟的好处较少（p≤0.001），感知压力较小（p≤0.001），吸烟的朋友较少（p≤0.005），更有可能生活在室内禁烟的家庭中（p≤0.001），并且自我报告的健康状况更好（p<0.05）。在风险认知方面，拉丁裔轻度吸烟者认为吸烟对孩子健康的健康影响的易感性较低（p<0.05）。在 2 个月和 3 个月的随访中，每日轻度和重度吸烟者的戒烟率均无显著差异。然而，只有在重度吸烟者中，相信戒烟会改善“自己的健康”，这一信念显著预测了 2 个月和 3 个月的戒烟情况。
与吸烟率较高的拉丁裔人群相比，拉丁裔轻度吸烟者似乎不太可能戒烟。在制定戒烟计划和大众媒体宣传活动时，需要考虑拉丁裔轻度吸烟者和重度吸烟者在人口统计学、吸烟态度和心理社会因素方面的差异。未来的研究应继续探索拉丁裔轻度吸烟者是否需要不同或更有针对性的治疗方法。
