Kaufer-Horwitz M, Villa M, Pedraza J, Domínguez-García J, Vázquez-Velázquez V, Méndez J P, García-García E
Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico DF, Mexico.
1] Obesity and Eating Disorders Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico DF, Mexico [2] Research Unit in Obesity, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico DF, Mexico.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan;69(1):68-72. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.102. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Knowledge does not automatically translate into behaviour change. This study examined the relationship between knowledge of appropriate foods and beverages needed for weight loss and the diet of patients seeking weight management.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 104 consecutive first-time patients (55 women and 49 men) seeking weight management, with a mean age of 37.3 ± 11.8 years and a BMI of 44.9 ± 9.4 kg/m(2), was carried out; 67.3% of these patients had a BMI of 40 kg/m(2) or greater. Patients were told to design a detailed weight-loss diet that they would recommend to a person with the same characteristics (recommended diet or RD) as themselves and asked whether the RD was similar to their own. Consumed diet (CD) was assessed by a different dietitian through a 24-h diet recall. Estimated energy requirement (EER), energy content of RD and CD and number of fruit, vegetable, cereal and sweetened-beverage portions were calculated. Statistical differences were assessed through the Pearson's correlation and the Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests.
RD and CD were 1104 ± 243 and 1976 ± 708 kcal for women and 1254 ± 287 and 2743 ± 1244 kcal for men, with statistical differences for both genders (P<0.001). Energy content of the RD was lower than the EER in men and women (P<0.001); CD was lower than the EER in women (P=0.033). Number of fruit/vegetable portions was lower in CD than in the RD in women (P<0.001), whereas cereal and sweetened-beverage portions were higher in CD than in the RD in both genders (P<0.001). RD was not followed by 46.1% of the patients.
Patients with obesity seeking care have knowledge of the appropriate dietary strategies needed for weight loss, but do not translate it into practice. Treatment approaches should include tools that help patients to implement their nutrition knowledge.
背景/目的：知识不会自动转化为行为改变。本研究调查了减肥所需的合适食物和饮料的知识与寻求体重管理的患者饮食之间的关系。
对象/方法：对104例连续的首次寻求体重管理的患者（55名女性和49名男性）进行了横断面研究，这些患者的平均年龄为37.3±11.8岁，体重指数为44.9±9.4kg/m²；其中67.3%的患者体重指数为40kg/m²或更高。患者被要求设计一份详细的减肥饮食计划，该计划是他们会推荐给与自己特征相同的人（推荐饮食或RD），并询问该推荐饮食是否与他们自己的相似。由另一位营养师通过24小时饮食回顾来评估所摄入的饮食（CD）。计算估计能量需求（EER）、推荐饮食和所摄入饮食的能量含量以及水果、蔬菜、谷物和含糖饮料的份数。通过Pearson相关性检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验评估统计学差异。
女性的推荐饮食和所摄入饮食分别为1104±243千卡和1976±708千卡，男性分别为1254±287千卡和2743±1244千卡，两性均存在统计学差异（P<0.001）。推荐饮食的能量含量在男性和女性中均低于估计能量需求（P<0.001）；所摄入饮食的能量含量在女性中低于估计能量需求（P=0.033）。女性所摄入饮食中的水果/蔬菜份数低于推荐饮食（P<0.001），而谷物和含糖饮料份数在两性中所摄入饮食均高于推荐饮食（P<0.001）。46.1%的患者未遵循推荐饮食。
寻求治疗的肥胖患者了解减肥所需的适当饮食策略，但未将其转化为实际行动。治疗方法应包括有助于患者运用其营养知识的工具。
