Bubier N E
Animal Behaviour Research Group, Department of Zoology, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.
Behav Processes. 1996 Sep;37(2-3):239-49. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(96)00018-6.
In the first experiment, a comparison was made of the time budgets of laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) in an enriched condition, in which various objects were added to their pen, and an unenriched condition, the same pen but without these objects. Assuming a fixed time budget, greater choices in the enriched condition would increase some behaviours at the expense of others, providing a relative measure of importance. In a second experiment, one group had woodchips on the floor with food and the other had woodchips on the floor without food (available from a hopper). In the first experiment, frequency of dust-bathing decreased in the enriched condition. Hens in the unenriched condition spent more time preening, drinking, social pecking at others and being aggressive which also increased in the second experiment in the hopper food condition. In both experiments, there was no difference in the amount of time feeding and also pecking and scratching even though food was not available in the litter in the unenriched condition. The results of the second experiment show that feeding on the floor alone, i.e., not in combination with environmental enrichment, also reduces aggression, whereas it has no influence on social pecking.
在第一个实验中，对处于丰富环境条件下（在其鸡舍中添加了各种物品）的蛋鸡（家鸡）与未丰富环境条件下（同一鸡舍但没有这些物品）的蛋鸡的时间分配进行了比较。假设时间分配固定，丰富环境条件下更多的选择会增加某些行为，同时以牺牲其他行为为代价，从而提供重要性的相对衡量标准。在第二个实验中，一组在有食物的情况下在地面铺有木屑，另一组在没有食物（可从料斗获取）的情况下在地面铺有木屑。在第一个实验中，丰富环境条件下沙浴频率降低。未丰富环境条件下的母鸡花更多时间梳理羽毛、饮水、对其他母鸡进行社交性啄击以及表现出攻击性，在第二个实验的料斗食物条件下，这些行为也有所增加。在两个实验中，尽管未丰富环境条件下垫料中没有食物，但进食以及啄食和抓挠的时间量没有差异。第二个实验的结果表明，仅在地面进食，即不与环境丰富化相结合，也会减少攻击性，而对社交性啄击没有影响。
