Christian Kimberly M, Song Hongjun, Ming Guo-li
Institute for Cell Engineering.
Annu Rev Neurosci. 2014;37:243-62. doi: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-071013-014134. Epub 2014 May 29.
Adult neurogenesis, a developmental process of generating functionally integrated neurons, occurs throughout life in the hippocampus of the mammalian brain and showcases the highly plastic nature of the mature central nervous system. Significant progress has been made in recent years to decipher how adult neurogenesis contributes to brain functions. Here we review recent findings that inform our understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis processes and special properties of adult-born neurons. We further discuss potential roles of adult-born neurons at the circuitry and behavioral levels in cognitive and affective functions and how their dysfunction may contribute to various brain disorders. We end by considering a general model proposing that adult neurogenesis is not a cell-replacement mechanism, but instead maintains a plastic hippocampal neuronal circuit via the continuous addition of immature, new neurons with unique properties and structural plasticity of mature neurons induced by new-neuron integration.
成体神经发生是一个产生功能整合神经元的发育过程，在哺乳动物大脑的海马体中终生存在，并展现了成熟中枢神经系统的高度可塑性。近年来，在解读成体神经发生如何影响脑功能方面取得了重大进展。在此，我们综述了最近的研究结果，这些结果增进了我们对成体海马体神经发生过程以及新生神经元特殊特性的理解。我们进一步讨论了新生神经元在认知和情感功能的神经回路及行为水平上的潜在作用，以及它们的功能障碍如何导致各种脑部疾病。最后，我们思考了一个通用模型，该模型提出成体神经发生不是一种细胞替代机制，而是通过持续添加具有独特特性的未成熟新神经元以及由新神经元整合诱导的成熟神经元的结构可塑性来维持可塑性的海马体神经元回路。
