De Souza Roger-Mark
Director of Population, Environmental Security, and Resilience, Wilson Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Reprod Health Matters. 2014 May;22(43):75-83. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(14)43773-X.
For the many individuals and communities experiencing natural disasters and environmental degradation, building resilience means becoming more proficient at anticipating, preventing, recovering, and rebuilding following negative shocks and stresses. Development practitioners have been working to build this proficiency in vulnerable communities around the world for several decades. This article first examines the meaning of resilience as a component of responding to disasters and some of the key components of building resilience. It then summarises approaches to resilience developed by the Rockefeller and Packard Foundations, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, USAID and DFID, which show how family planning services can contribute to resilience. Next, it gives some examples of how family planning has been integrated into some current environment and development programmes. Finally, it describes how these integrated programmes have succeeded in helping communities to diversify livelihoods, bolster community engagement and resilience, build new governance structures, and position women as agents of change.
对于许多经历自然灾害和环境退化的个人及社区而言，增强恢复力意味着在遭受负面冲击和压力后，更熟练地进行预测、预防、恢复和重建。几十年来，发展领域的从业者一直在努力帮助世界各地的脆弱社区提高这种能力。本文首先探讨恢复力作为应对灾害的一个要素的含义，以及增强恢复力的一些关键要素。接着总结洛克菲勒基金会、帕卡德基金会、政府间气候变化专门委员会、美国国际开发署和英国国际发展部所制定的增强恢复力的方法，这些方法展示了计划生育服务如何有助于增强恢复力。然后，列举一些将计划生育纳入当前一些环境与发展项目的实例。最后，描述这些综合项目如何成功地帮助社区实现生计多样化、加强社区参与和恢复力、建立新的治理结构，并使妇女成为变革的推动者。
