Lord Benjamin D, Collison Elizabeth A, Gramling Sandra E, Weiskittle Rachel
Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 5308 Waverly Avenue, Richmond, VA, 23231, USA,
J Relig Health. 2015 Aug;54(4):1302-18. doi: 10.1007/s10943-014-9891-6.
Bereavement is being increasingly recognized as a key issue in college populations (Balk in Mortality 2:207-220, 1997; Balk et al. in Death Stud 34:459-468, 2010). However, there is currently a dearth of research on the impact that the loss of a loved one has on college students and the ways that college students cope during the grieving process. This lack of research, particularly among younger groups, is problematic as researchers have shown that emerging adults experience a surprisingly high number of losses and are an at-risk group for poor post-loss outcomes (Servaty-Seib and Taub 2010; Servaty-Seib and Hamilton 2006; Arnett in Am Psychol 55(5):469, 2000). Religion is a common way that individuals cope with bereavement (Frantz et al. in Pastor Psychol 44(3):151-163, 1996) and may also be commonly used by college students to manage everyday stress (Merrill et al. 2009). The RCOPE (Pargament et al. in J Clin Psychol 56(4):519-543, 2000; J Health Psychol 9:713-730, 2004) is a frequently used measure of religious coping that has recently been evaluated for use with a bereaved undergraduate population. Lord and Gramling (2014) examined the factor structure of the RCOPE and concluded that overlap between the positive and negative religious coping subscales when used with a bereaved undergraduate sample detracted from the predictive utility of the instrument. The researchers provided evidence for the use of a new 2-factor, 39-item version of the RCOPE with the bereaved college student population. The current study replicated Lord and Gramling (2014) with a large follow-up sample of bereaved undergraduates. Participants (N = 677) consisted of individuals who had lost a loved one within the past 2 years, had a mean age of 19.1, and were predominantly female (62%) underclassmen (84% freshman or sophomore status). A majority of participants (68%) were identified as Christian. Exploratory factor analyses closely mimicked the results of the previous study, and the number of items was further reduced in order to provide a briefer version of the scale for use in future research. Hierarchical regression models demonstrated discriminate, convergent, and predictive validity of the instrument.
丧亲之痛日益被视为大学生群体中的一个关键问题（巴尔克，《死亡率》2：207 - 220，1997；巴尔克等人，《死亡研究》34：459 - 468，2010）。然而，目前对于失去亲人对大学生的影响以及大学生在悲伤过程中的应对方式的研究匮乏。这种研究不足，尤其是在较年轻群体中，是个问题，因为研究人员表明，新兴成年人经历的损失数量惊人，且是失去亲人后出现不良后果的高危群体（塞尔瓦蒂 - 西布和陶布，2010；塞尔瓦蒂 - 西布和汉密尔顿，2006；阿尼特，《美国心理学家》55(5)：469，2000）。宗教是个人应对丧亲之痛的常见方式（弗兰茨等人，《牧师心理学》44(3)：151 - 163，1996），大学生也可能常用它来应对日常压力（梅里尔等人，2009）。宗教应对量表（RCOPE）（帕加门特等人，《临床心理学杂志》56(4)：519 - 543，2000；《健康心理学杂志》9：713 - 730，2004）是一种常用的宗教应对测量工具，最近已针对丧亲的本科生群体进行了评估。洛德和格兰姆林（2014）研究了RCOPE的因子结构，得出结论：在丧亲的本科生样本中使用时，积极和消极宗教应对子量表之间的重叠降低了该工具的预测效用。研究人员为在丧亲大学生群体中使用新的2因子、39项版本的RCOPE提供了证据。本研究对洛德和格兰姆林（2014）的研究进行了复制，采用了大量丧亲本科生的后续样本。参与者（N = 677）包括在过去两年内失去亲人的个体（平均年龄19.1岁），且主要为女性（62%）、低年级学生（84%为大一或大二学生）。大多数参与者（68%）被认定为基督教徒。探索性因子分析结果与先前研究非常相似，且进一步减少了项目数量，以便为未来研究提供一个更简短的量表版本。层次回归模型证明了该工具具有区分效度、聚合效度和预测效度。
