Cruz J R, Pareja G, Cáceres P, Cano F, Chew F
Instituto de Nutrición de Centro América y Panamá (INCAP) Guatemala.
Arch Latinoam Nutr. 1989 Sep;39(3):263-77.
For the purpose of better understanding the epidemiology of acute and persistent diarrhea, 130 infants of a marginal urban area in Guatemala City were studied. The subjects were kept under surveillance by weekly home visits, for periods that varied from three to nine months. The diarrhea episodes were detected and microbiological studies were done in fecal material. Additionally, the children were weighed and measured to determine their nutritional status. The infants suffered, on the average, 5.2 episodes per child annually; 9.4% of all the episodes lasted at least two weeks. The children who were less than six months old had more episodes of persistent diarrhea (0.052/child-month) than the older ones (0.017/child-month), with previous diarrhea morbidity and number of infecting enteropathogens being important factors. Furthermore, a child who had already suffered an episode of persistent diarrhea had a higher probability (relative risk = 2.2) of developing an additional one. Adherent E. coli, Cryptosporidium, toxigenic E. coli and Campylobacter jejuni are the pathogens more commonly associated with persistent diarrhea. Diarrheal illnesses have a deleterious effect on nutritional status, especially persistent episodes, which interfere with gain in weight and length of the children.
为了更好地了解急性和持续性腹泻的流行病学情况，对危地马拉城边缘城区的130名婴儿进行了研究。通过每周家访对这些受试者进行为期三至九个月不等的监测。检测腹泻发作情况，并对粪便样本进行微生物学研究。此外，对儿童进行称重和测量以确定其营养状况。这些婴儿平均每年每名儿童腹泻发作5.2次；所有发作中9.4%持续至少两周。小于六个月的儿童持续性腹泻发作次数（0.052/儿童-月）多于年龄较大的儿童（0.017/儿童-月），既往腹泻发病率和感染性肠道病原体数量是重要因素。此外，已经经历过一次持续性腹泻发作的儿童再次发作的可能性更高（相对风险=2.2）。黏附性大肠杆菌、隐孢子虫、产毒性大肠杆菌和空肠弯曲菌是与持续性腹泻更常相关的病原体。腹泻疾病对营养状况有有害影响，尤其是持续性发作，会干扰儿童体重和身高的增长。
