Ugare G U, Bassey I E, Udosen J E, Ndifon W, Ndoma-Egba R, Asuquo M, Undie G
Department of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2014 Jul-Aug;17(4):397-402. doi: 10.4103/1119-3077.133965.
The objective of the following study is to analyze the trauma type (causes), injury pattern and factors that may have contributed to death within 72 h of admission into our emergency department (E.D).
An 18 month prospective observational study, done from April 2009 to September 2010. All the patients were that admitted for 72 h following a full assessment by the attending clinician were enlisted for the study. The demographic data of each patient, time of arrival at the E.D, type of injury sustained, time of incident, previous care at any peripheral hospital, clinical state of the patient, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Injury severity score (ISS) and treatment offered before death were entered into a Proforma.
This was done using EPI-Info statistical programme version 3.4.3 of 2007(by CDC Atlanta Georgia , USA).
A total of 4011 patients were seen in the E.D during the period. 1943 (48.4%), were trauma emergencies, with a (147; 41.4%) mortality. Their ages ranged from 4 to 87 years, with an average of 34.5 years. The male:female ratio was 7:1. The assessed GCS ranged from 6 to 15, with an average of 9.1, the ISS ranged from 9 to 75 with an average of 31.3. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) accounted for 118 (80.3%) of the deaths, assaults 14.3%, falls from height 4.0% and gunshot injuries 1.4%. The overall mortality was 17.1%.
The major source of trauma death was RTA; The most frequently injured part of the body was head, with death resulting clinically hemorrhage. The 17.1% mortality is multifactorial: The late presentation (in some cases occasioned by interference by persons not knowledgeable in the basics of trauma care) lack of trained personnel and the systemic deficiencies.
以下研究的目的是分析创伤类型（原因）、损伤模式以及可能导致患者在我院急诊科（ED）入院72小时内死亡的因素。
一项为期18个月的前瞻性观察研究，时间从2009年4月至2010年9月。所有经主治医生全面评估后入院72小时的患者均纳入本研究。将每位患者的人口统计学数据、到达急诊科的时间、所受损伤类型、事故发生时间、之前在任何周边医院的治疗情况、患者的临床状态、格拉斯哥昏迷量表（GCS）、损伤严重程度评分（ISS）以及死亡前接受的治疗录入一份表格。
使用美国佐治亚州亚特兰大疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）2007年版的EPI - Info统计程序3.4.3进行分析。
在此期间急诊科共接诊4011例患者。其中1943例（48.4%）为创伤急诊患者，死亡147例（41.4%）。他们的年龄在4岁至87岁之间，平均年龄为34.5岁。男女比例为7∶1。评估的GCS评分范围为6至15分，平均为9.1分；ISS评分范围为9至75分，平均为31.3分。道路交通事故（RTA）占死亡病例的118例（80.3%），袭击占14.3%，高处坠落占4.0%，枪伤占1.4%。总体死亡率为17.1%。
创伤死亡的主要原因是道路交通事故；身体最常受伤的部位是头部，临床死亡原因是出血。17.1%的死亡率是多因素导致的：就诊延迟（在某些情况下是由于不了解创伤护理基本知识的人员的干扰）、缺乏训练有素的人员以及系统缺陷。
