Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
J Colloid Interface Sci. 2014 Aug 15;428:276-85. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.04.051. Epub 2014 May 2.
Fluorinated surfactants with short perfluoroalkyl chains (R(F)) as potential substitutes for the environmentally questionable, long R(F) systems are presented. Three types of nonionic hydrophilic-fluorophilic amphiphiles are synthesized and evaluated based on surface activity in equilibrated (static) and non-equilibrated (dynamic) states. Furthermore, several mono- and disaccharide-based fluorosurfactants are also examined as potential non-bioaccumulative alternatives. A correlation between the chemical structure and resulting surface properties is made by comparing R(F) length, number and size, alkyl-spacer, and hydrophilic moieties. Based on dynamic and static surface tension experiments, the effects of surfactant structure are summarized to provide a basis for the future design of fluorosurfactants. We have found that surfactants with more perfluorinated chains tend to have a higher surface tension reduction, but typically result in slower dynamic behaviors. Using the presented structural characteristics, surfactants with R(F)<4 can be prepared with static surface tensions as low as 18.1 mN/m or reduce surface tension within milliseconds.
具有短全氟烷基链（R(F)）的氟化表面活性剂可用作环境有问题的长 R(F) 体系的潜在替代品。本文合成了三种类型的非离子亲水性-疏水性两亲物，并基于平衡（静态）和非平衡（动态）状态下的表面活性进行了评估。此外，还研究了几种基于单糖和二糖的氟表面活性剂，作为潜在的非生物累积替代品。通过比较 R(F) 长度、数量和大小、烷基间隔基和亲水基团，对化学结构和由此产生的表面性质进行了相关性分析。基于动态和静态表面张力实验，总结了表面活性剂结构的影响，为氟表面活性剂的未来设计提供了依据。我们发现，具有更多全氟化链的表面活性剂往往具有更高的表面张力降低，但通常会导致较慢的动态行为。使用所提出的结构特征，可以制备具有静态表面张力低至 18.1 mN/m 或在几毫秒内降低表面张力的 R(F)<4 的表面活性剂。
