Nochomovitz L E, DeLa Torre F E, Rosai J
Urol Clin North Am. 1977 Oct;4(3):359-78.
Testicular germ cell tumors form a complex group of interrelated entities. Problems of nomenclature remain, but there does appear to be a close agreement between the major classifications in use. The identification of clinically useful markers for certain germ cell testicular tumors has provided a major impetus in this field. Information gained from the study of these markers has promoted an understanding of the histogenesis of germ cell tumors, has improved standard nomenclature, and has stimulated progress in patient care. Radioimmunoassay techniques are now frequently used to measure beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin and alpha-fetoprotein levels in evaluating the clinical course of patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis. It is hoped that the use of these markers will permit earlier detection of tumor recurrence, prompt treatment, and an improved survival rate. The knowledge of the production of alpha-fetoprotein by the human yolk sac has further refined tumor classification. It is against this general background that we have outlined the standard pathology of germ cell tumors of the testis.
睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤构成了一组复杂的、相互关联的实体。命名问题依然存在，但目前使用的主要分类之间似乎达成了密切的共识。确定某些睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的临床有用标志物为该领域提供了主要推动力。从这些标志物研究中获得的信息促进了对生殖细胞肿瘤组织发生的理解，改进了标准命名，并推动了患者护理方面的进展。放射免疫测定技术现在经常用于测量β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素和甲胎蛋白水平，以评估睾丸非精原细胞生殖细胞肿瘤患者的临床病程。希望使用这些标志物能够更早地检测到肿瘤复发，及时进行治疗，并提高生存率。人类卵黄囊产生甲胎蛋白的知识进一步完善了肿瘤分类。正是在这一总体背景下，我们概述了睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤的标准病理学。
