Takanashi Jun-ichi
Nihon Rinsho. 2014 May;72(5):819-26.
MRI and CT are important for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Diffusion-weighted images are particularly useful for detecting early changes in the brain. In this article, I reviewed radiological findings associated with seizures (reduced diffusion and swelling of hippocampus and cortex, and a reversible splenial lesion), and lesions causing epilepsy and seizures, such as congenital abnormality of the brain (holoprosencephaly, hemimegalencephaly, lissencephaly, heterotopia, polymicrogyria, schizencephaly, and focal cortical dysplasia), neurocutaneous syndromes (tuberous sclerosis and Sturge-Weber syndrome), vascular disorders (moyamoya disease/syndrome and cavernous angioma), and encephalitis/encephalopathy (herpes encephalitis, anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood, and acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion).
磁共振成像（MRI）和计算机断层扫描（CT）对癫痫的诊断和治疗很重要。弥散加权成像对于检测脑部早期变化特别有用。在本文中，我回顾了与癫痫发作相关的影像学表现（海马体和皮质的弥散降低和肿胀，以及可逆性胼胝体病变），以及导致癫痫和癫痫发作的病变，如脑先天性异常（全前脑畸形、半侧巨脑畸形、无脑回畸形、异位、多小脑回畸形、脑裂畸形和局灶性皮质发育不良）、神经皮肤综合征（结节性硬化症和斯特奇-韦伯综合征）、血管疾病（烟雾病/综合征和海绵状血管瘤）以及脑炎/脑病（疱疹性脑炎、抗N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体脑炎、儿童急性坏死性脑病和伴有双相癫痫发作及晚期弥散降低的急性脑病）。
