Oishi Minoru
Nihon Rinsho. 2014 May;72(5):839-44.
Epilepsy may cause convulsion or transient loss of consciousness. Differential diagnosis of convulsion includes acute symptomatic seizure, psychogenic nonepileptic seizure, and epilepsy. Long duration of seizure, fluctuating course, and asynchronous movements favor psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Occurrence of seizure from EEG-confirmed sleep, postictal confusion, and stertorous breathing favor epileptic seizures. Differential diagnosis of transient loss of consciousness includes syncope, epilepsy, and hypoglycemia. Causes of syncope include vasovagal syncope, arrhythmia, and orthostatic hypotension.
癫痫可能导致抽搐或短暂意识丧失。抽搐的鉴别诊断包括急性症状性发作、心因性非癫痫性发作和癫痫。发作持续时间长、病程波动以及动作不同步有利于心因性非癫痫性发作。脑电图证实睡眠中发作、发作后意识模糊和鼾声呼吸的出现有利于癫痫发作。短暂意识丧失的鉴别诊断包括晕厥、癫痫和低血糖。晕厥的病因包括血管迷走性晕厥、心律失常和直立性低血压。
