Molecular Physiology and Rehabilitation Research Laboratory, Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Lipids Health Dis. 2014 Jun 9;13:95. doi: 10.1186/1476-511X-13-95.
Major cardiovascular disorders are being recognized earlier in life. In this study we examined the effects of swimming and soccer training on male adolescent lipid-lipoprotein profiles relative to a maturity matched control group to determine the effects of these exercises on specific cardiovascular risk and anti-risk factors.
Forty five adolescent males (11.81 ± 1.38 yr) including swimmers (SW), soccer players (SO), and non-athlete, physically active individuals as controls (C), participated in this study. Training groups completed 12-wk exercise programs on three non-consecutive days per week. Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apolipoprotein B (apoB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured in control, pre-training, during-training, and post-training.
In response to the 12-wk training period, the SO group demonstrated a decrease in the mean LDL level compared to the SW and C (SW: 0.15%; SO: -9.51%; C: 19.59%; p < 0.001) groups. There was an increase in both the SW and SO groups vs. the control in mean HDL (SW: 5.66%; SO: 3.07%; C: -7.21%; p < 0.05) and apoA-I (SW: 3.86%; SO: 5.48%; C: -1.01%; p < 0.05). ApoB was considerably lower in the training groups vs. control (SW: -9.52%; SO: -13.87%; C: 21.09%; p < 0.05). ApoA-I/apoB ratio was significantly higher in training groups vs. control (SW: 16.74%; SO: 23.71%; C: -17.35%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between groups for other factors.
The favorable alterations in LDL, HDL, apoA-I, and apoB observed in the training groups suggest that both regular swimming or soccer exercise can potentially mitigate cardiovascular risk in adolescent males.
主要心血管疾病在生命早期就被发现。在这项研究中，我们检查了游泳和足球训练对男性青少年血脂脂蛋白谱的影响，相对于一个成熟度匹配的对照组，以确定这些运动对特定心血管风险和抗风险因素的影响。
45 名青少年男性（11.81±1.38 岁）包括游泳者（SW）、足球运动员（SO）和非运动员、身体活跃的对照组（C），参加了这项研究。训练组每周三天进行 12 周的运动计划。在对照组、训练前、训练中、训练后测量血浆低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、载脂蛋白 A-I（apoA-I）、载脂蛋白 B（apoB）、总胆固醇（TC）和甘油三酯（TG）水平。
在 12 周的训练期间，SO 组的 LDL 水平与 SW 和 C 组相比（SW：0.15%；SO：-9.51%；C：19.59%；p<0.001）有所下降。SW 和 SO 组与对照组相比，HDL（SW：5.66%；SO：3.07%；C：-7.21%；p<0.05）和 apoA-I（SW：3.86%；SO：5.48%；C：-1.01%；p<0.05）均有增加。与对照组相比，训练组的 apoB 明显降低（SW：-9.52%；SO：-13.87%；C：21.09%；p<0.05）。与对照组相比，训练组的 apoA-I/apoB 比值显著升高（SW：16.74%；SO：23.71%；C：-17.35%；p<0.001）。各组之间其他因素无显著差异。
训练组 LDL、HDL、apoA-I 和 apoB 的有利变化表明，定期游泳或足球运动都可能降低青少年男性的心血管风险。
