Paloma Virginia, García-Ramírez Manuel, Camacho Carlos
Department of Social Psychology, College of Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Camilo José Cela, s/n, 41018, Seville, Spain,
Am J Community Psychol. 2014 Sep;54(1-2):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s10464-014-9663-1.
The decision to migrate is normally based on expectations of improving one's actual living conditions and therefore, one's well-being. However, these expectations are not usually met in receiving contexts that relegate newcomers to lower power positions. From a liberating community psychology approach, this study aims to develop a predictive model of the well-being of Moroccan migrants living in southern Spain. Data were collected from a survey sample of 633 migrants (the average age was 31.9 years and 51.8 % were women) from 20 territorial units of Andalusia. Through a process of multilevel regression analysis, this study reveals that the well-being of the Moroccan community is closely determined by the following: (a) the level of social justice in the receiving context (openness to diversity of receiving communities, cultural sensitivity of community services, and residential integration); and (b) the individual strengths of the population (use of active coping strategies, satisfaction with the receiving context, and temporal stability in the new environment). These results empirically support the impact that different ecological levels of analysis have on well-being. Major theoretical contributions of the model and useful suggestions for improving migrant well-being are discussed.
移民的决定通常基于改善自身实际生活条件进而提升幸福感的期望。然而，在接纳新移民的环境中，这些期望往往难以实现，因为新移民在这些环境中处于权力较低的地位。从解放性社区心理学的角度出发，本研究旨在建立一个预测生活在西班牙南部的摩洛哥移民幸福感的模型。数据收集自安达卢西亚20个地区单位的633名移民（平均年龄为31.9岁，51.8%为女性）的调查样本。通过多层次回归分析，本研究表明，摩洛哥移民群体的幸福感主要由以下因素决定：（a）接纳环境中的社会正义水平（接纳社区对多样性的开放程度、社区服务的文化敏感性以及居住融合情况）；（b）群体的个体优势（积极应对策略的运用、对接纳环境的满意度以及在新环境中的时间稳定性）。这些结果从实证角度支持了不同生态分析层面（对接纳环境和移民群体个体优势）对幸福感的影响。文中还讨论了该模型的主要理论贡献以及改善移民幸福感的实用建议。
