Ofori Sandra N, Unachukwu Chioma N
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2014 May 23;7:159-68. doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S62320. eCollection 2014.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, progressive metabolic disorder with several complications that affect virtually all the systems in the human body. Type 2 DM (T2DM) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The management of T2DM is multifactorial, taking into account other major modifiable risk factors, like obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, blood pressure, and dyslipidemia. A multidisciplinary team is essential to maximize the care of individuals with DM. DM self-management education and patient-centered care are the cornerstones of management in addition to effective lifestyle strategies and pharmacotherapy with individualization of glycemic goals. Robust evidence supports the effectiveness of this approach when implemented. Individuals with DM and their family members usually share a common lifestyle that, not only predisposes the non-DM members to developing DM but also, increases their collective risk for CVD. In treating DM, involvement of the entire family, not only improves the care of the DM individual but also, helps to prevent the risk of developing DM in the family members.
糖尿病（DM）是一种慢性、进行性代谢紊乱疾病，伴有多种并发症，几乎会影响人体的所有系统。2型糖尿病（T2DM）是心血管疾病（CVD）的主要危险因素。T2DM的管理是多方面的，需要考虑其他主要的可改变危险因素，如肥胖、缺乏运动、吸烟、血压和血脂异常。多学科团队对于最大限度地照顾糖尿病患者至关重要。糖尿病自我管理教育和以患者为中心的护理是管理的基石，此外还包括有效的生活方式策略和针对血糖目标个体化的药物治疗。有力的证据支持这种方法实施时的有效性。糖尿病患者及其家庭成员通常有共同的生活方式，这不仅使非糖尿病成员更容易患糖尿病，还会增加他们患心血管疾病的总体风险。在治疗糖尿病时，整个家庭的参与不仅能改善糖尿病患者的护理，还有助于预防家庭成员患糖尿病的风险。
