Frischknecht H R, Siegfried B, Waser P G
Institute of Pharmacology, University of Zürich, Gloriastrasse 32, 8006 Zürich, Switzerland.
Behav Processes. 1982 Sep;7(3):235-45. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(82)90038-9.
The experience of winning or loosing fights plays an important role in subsequent aggressive or submissive behaviors. In this study agonistic behavior of male mice was chosen to investigate learning mechanisms in the context of a biologically meaningful situation. An ICR mouse introduced into a group of five C57BL/6 mice was attacked by mice of high social status (Fighter, F), but not by lower ranking animals (Non-Fighter, NF). On this basis the following model was developed to study learning of submissive behavior. Day 1 (baseline trial): An ICR mouse was introduced to a single NF-C57 mouse. Few submissive behaviors (crouch) were observed in naive ICR mice upon contact with NF-C57 mice. Day 2 (learning trial): The same ICR mouse was defeated by an F-C57 mouse until it showed defensive upright posture upon approach. This criterion was reached after a mean latency of 3.5 min and after being exposed to a mean number of 14 bites. Day 3 (retest trial): The same pairs as on day 1 confronted each other. Without being attacked, the ICR mouse showed a significant increase of submissive behavior (crouch, defensive sideways and upright) upon mere contact with the NF-C57 mouse when compared to day 1 and to control mice on day 3. Controls, confronted on all three days with NF-C57 mice, showed no increase in submissive behaviors. The results are discussed in terms of acquisition, memory, retrieval and extinction of learned submissive behavior. It is suggested that the mechanisms underlying learning of submissive behavior include generalization of conditioning and specific extinction processes. The further use of the learning scheme to assess drug effects is illustrated.
输赢争斗的经历在随后的攻击或顺从行为中起着重要作用。在本研究中，选择雄性小鼠的争斗行为来研究具有生物学意义情境下的学习机制。将一只ICR小鼠放入一组五只C57BL/6小鼠中，它会受到社会地位高的小鼠（斗士，F）的攻击，但不会受到地位较低的动物（非斗士，NF）的攻击。在此基础上，开发了以下模型来研究顺从行为的学习。第1天（基线试验）：将一只ICR小鼠引入一只NF-C57小鼠中。在未接触过NF-C57小鼠的ICR小鼠与NF-C57小鼠接触时，观察到很少有顺从行为（蹲伏）。第2天（学习试验）：同一只ICR小鼠被一只F-C57小鼠击败，直到它在接近时表现出防御性直立姿势。平均潜伏期为3.5分钟，平均被叮咬14次后达到这一标准。第3天（重新测试试验）：与第1天相同的配对相互对峙。与第1天和第3天的对照小鼠相比，未受到攻击的ICR小鼠在仅仅与NF-C57小鼠接触时，顺从行为（蹲伏、防御性侧身和直立）显著增加。在所有三天都与NF-C57小鼠对峙的对照组，顺从行为没有增加。从习得的顺从行为的获得、记忆、提取和消退方面对结果进行了讨论。有人提出，顺从行为学习的潜在机制包括条件作用的泛化和特定的消退过程。还说明了该学习方案在评估药物效果方面的进一步应用。
