Grossman Ruth B
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Emerson College, USA Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, USA
Autism. 2015 Jul;19(5):580-7. doi: 10.1177/1362361314536937. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
We form first impressions of many traits based on very short interactions. This study examines whether typical adults judge children with high-functioning autism to be more socially awkward than their typically developing peers based on very brief exposure to still images, audio-visual, video-only, or audio-only information. We used video and audio recordings of children with and without high-functioning autism captured during a story-retelling task. Typically developing adults were presented with 1 s and 3 s clips of these children, as well as still images, and asked to judge whether the person in the clip was socially awkward. Our findings show that participants who are naïve to diagnostic differences between the children in the clips judged children with high-functioning autism to be socially awkward at a significantly higher rate than their typically developing peers. These results remain consistent for exposures as short as 1 s to visual and/or auditory information, as well as for still images. These data suggest that typical adults use subtle nonverbal and non-linguistic cues produced by children with high-functioning autism to form rapid judgments of social awkwardness with the potential for significant repercussions in social interactions.
我们基于非常短暂的互动形成对许多特质的第一印象。本研究探讨典型的成年人是否会根据对静态图像、视听资料、仅视频或仅音频信息的非常短暂接触，判断患有高功能自闭症的儿童比其发育正常的同龄人在社交方面更笨拙。我们使用了在复述故事任务中拍摄的患有和未患有高功能自闭症儿童的视频和音频记录。向发育正常的成年人展示这些儿童的1秒和3秒片段以及静态图像，并要求他们判断片段中的人在社交方面是否笨拙。我们的研究结果表明，对片段中儿童的诊断差异不知情的参与者判断患有高功能自闭症的儿童在社交方面笨拙的比例明显高于其发育正常的同龄人。对于短至1秒的视觉和/或听觉信息接触以及静态图像，这些结果保持一致。这些数据表明，典型的成年人利用患有高功能自闭症儿童产生的微妙非语言和非语言线索来快速形成对社交笨拙的判断，这在社交互动中可能产生重大影响。
