Wanigasekera Lashindri C, Maybery Murray T, Palermo Romina, Whitehouse Andrew J O, Tan Diana Weiting
School of Psychological Science, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
The Kids Research Institute, the University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Autism Res. 2025 May;18(5):983-1010. doi: 10.1002/aur.70019. Epub 2025 Apr 23.
Emerging evidence suggests that observers tend to form less favorable first impressions toward autistic people than toward non-autistic people. These negative impressions may be associated with immediate behavioral responses, as well as long-lasting attitudes toward those being observed that may negatively impact their psychosocial wellbeing. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the existing literature that has compared first impressions toward autistic and non-autistic people to investigate whether first impressions are influenced by: (1) type of first impression measure, (2) modality of stimulus presentation, and (3) characteristics of the observers and/or stimulus participants. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) one or more groups of observers provided first impression ratings, (2) the stimuli were presented in either audio-only, video-only, audio-video, still image, or speech transcript format, and (3) first impressions toward autistic and non-autistic individuals were compared. A systematic search identified a final sample of 21 articles, which included 221 effects for analyses. Findings showed that first impressions were generally less favorable for autistic compared to non-autistic people across all presentation modalities other than speech transcript, with effect sizes typically moderate to large. Differences in first impressions toward autistic and non-autistic people were generally more pronounced for ratings of interpersonal attraction and social and communication presentation, rather than for ratings of psychological and personality traits. There was also some evidence that characteristics of non-autistic observers, such as autism knowledge and quality of contact with autistic people, impact first impressions. These findings provide insight into the critical role first impressions play in influencing social interaction between autistic and non-autistic individuals.
新出现的证据表明，相较于非自闭症患者，观察者往往对自闭症患者形成的第一印象更为负面。这些负面印象可能与即时行为反应以及对被观察者的长期态度有关，而这些态度可能会对他们的心理社会幸福感产生负面影响。本系统综述和荟萃分析综合了现有文献，这些文献比较了对自闭症患者和非自闭症患者的第一印象，以调查第一印象是否受到以下因素的影响：（1）第一印象测量类型；（2）刺激呈现方式；（3）观察者和/或刺激参与者的特征。关键纳入标准为：（1）一组或多组观察者提供第一印象评分；（2）刺激以纯音频、纯视频、音频-视频、静态图像或语音转录格式呈现；（3）比较对自闭症患者和非自闭症患者的第一印象。系统检索确定了21篇文章的最终样本，其中包括221个用于分析的效应。研究结果表明，除语音转录外，在所有呈现方式中，对自闭症患者的第一印象通常比对非自闭症患者更负面，效应大小通常为中等至较大。对自闭症患者和非自闭症患者第一印象的差异，在人际吸引力、社交和沟通表现评分方面通常比在心理和人格特质评分方面更为明显。也有一些证据表明，非自闭症观察者的特征，如自闭症知识和与自闭症患者的接触质量，会影响第一印象。这些发现深入了解了第一印象在影响自闭症患者和非自闭症患者之间社会互动中所起的关键作用。
