Nieuwenhuys Rudolf, Broere Cees A J, Cerliani Leonardo
The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
Brain Struct Funct. 2015 Sep;220(5):2551-73. doi: 10.1007/s00429-014-0806-9. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
The human cerebral cortex contains numerous myelinated fibres, the arrangement and density of which is by no means homogeneous throughout the cortex. Local differences in the spatial organization of these fibres render it possible to recognize areas with a different myeloarchitecture. The neuroanatomical subdiscipline aimed at the identification and delineation of such areas is known as myeloarchitectonics. During the period extending from 1910 to 1970, Oscar and Cécile Vogt and their numerous collaborators (The Vogt-Vogt school) published a large number of myeloarchitectonic studies on the cortex of the various lobes of the human cerebrum. Recently, one of us (Nieuwenhuys in Brain Struct Funct 218: 303-352, 2013) extensively reviewed these studies. It was concluded that the data available are adequate and sufficient for the composition of a myeloarchitectonic map of the entire human neocortex. The present paper is devoted to the creation of this map. Because the data provided by the Vogt-Vogt school are derived from many different brains, a standard brain had to be introduced to which all data available could be transferred. As such, the colin27 structural scan, aligned to the MNI305 template was selected. The procedure employed in this transfer involved computer-aided transformations of the lobar maps available in the literature, to the corresponding regions of the standard brain, as well as local adjustments in the border zones of the various lobes. The resultant map includes 180 myeloarchitectonic areas, 64 frontal, 30 parietal, 6 insular, 17 occipital and 63 temporal. The designation of the various areas with simple Arabic numbers, introduced by Oscar Vogt for the frontal and parietal cortices, has been extended over the entire neocortex. It may be expected that combination of the myeloarchitectonic data of the Vogt-Vogt school, as expressed in our map, with the results of the detailed cytoarchitectonic and receptor architectonic studies of Karl Zilles and Katrin Amunts and their numerous associates, will yield a comprehensive 'supermap' of the structural organization of the human neocortex. For the time being, i. e., as long as this 'supermap' is not yet available, our map may provide a tentative frame of reference for (a) the morphological interpretation of the results of functional neuroimaging studies; (b) the selection of starting points (seed voxels, regions-of-interest) in diffusion tractography studies and
人类大脑皮层包含大量有髓纤维，其排列和密度在整个皮层中绝不是均匀的。这些纤维空间组织的局部差异使得识别具有不同髓鞘结构的区域成为可能。旨在识别和描绘这些区域的神经解剖学子学科被称为髓鞘构筑学。在1910年至1970年期间，奥斯卡和塞西尔·沃格特以及他们众多的合作者（沃格特 - 沃格特学派）发表了大量关于人类大脑各叶皮层的髓鞘构筑学研究。最近，我们中的一人（Nieuwenhuys在《Brain Struct Funct》218: 303 - 352, 2013）对这些研究进行了广泛回顾。得出的结论是，现有数据足以构成整个人类新皮层的髓鞘构筑图谱。本文致力于创建这一图谱。由于沃格特 - 沃格特学派提供的数据来自许多不同的大脑，因此必须引入一个标准脑，以便将所有可用数据都转换到该标准脑上。因此，选择了与MNI305模板对齐的colin27结构扫描图。在这种转换过程中所采用的程序包括将文献中可用的脑叶图谱进行计算机辅助转换，使其对应到标准脑的相应区域，以及对各脑叶边界区域进行局部调整。最终得到的图谱包括180个髓鞘构筑区域，其中64个在额叶，30个在顶叶，6个在脑岛，17个在枕叶，63个在颞叶。奥斯卡·沃格特为额叶和顶叶皮层引入的用简单阿拉伯数字对各个区域进行命名的方法，已扩展到整个新皮层。可以预期，我们图谱中所呈现的沃格特 - 沃格特学派的髓鞘构筑学数据，与卡尔·齐尔斯、卡特琳·阿蒙茨及其众多同事的详细细胞构筑学和受体构筑学研究结果相结合，将产生一个关于人类新皮层结构组织的全面“超级图谱”。就目前而言，也就是说，只要这个“超级图谱”尚未可得，我们的图谱可为以下方面提供一个初步的参考框架：(a) 对功能神经影像学研究结果进行形态学解释；(b) 在扩散张量成像研究中选择起始点（种子体素、感兴趣区域），以及
