Buckolz Eric, Stoddart Alexandra, Edgar Cameron, Khan Michael
The Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, Thames Hall 4150, London, Canada,
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2014 Aug;76(6):1721-8. doi: 10.3758/s13414-014-0701-8.
In location-based tasks, responses related to (prime trial) distractor-occupied locations automatically undergo activation, followed by inhibition, which causes these responses to become execution-resistant (ER). Distractor-response ER takes time to override, delaying target reactions that later require this response (e.g., probe, ignored-repetition trials), causing the spatial negative priming (SNP) phenomenon. We learned in this study that distractor-response ER affords this output a degree of error protection. Specifically, when the probe target appeared at a new location, former (prime) distractor responses were used erroneously significantly less often than their control response counterparts, likely due to their ER feature, which discourages their inappropriate selection (i.e., "ER" provides error protection). This error protection also was evident when a previous distractor response was activated by a distractor on the probe (i.e., distractor-repeat trial). Notably, error protection remained effective over extensive practice, as did SNP size (i.e., ER override time) after an initial decline.
在基于位置的任务中，与（启动试验）干扰项占据位置相关的反应会自动经历激活，随后是抑制，这会导致这些反应变得具有执行抗性（ER）。干扰项反应的ER需要时间来克服，从而延迟了后续需要这种反应的目标反应（例如，探测、忽略重复试验），导致空间负启动（SNP）现象。我们在本研究中了解到，干扰项反应的ER为这种输出提供了一定程度的错误保护。具体而言，当探测目标出现在新位置时，先前（启动）干扰项反应被错误使用的频率明显低于其对照反应对应项，这可能是由于它们的ER特征，该特征不鼓励对它们的不适当选择（即，“ER”提供错误保护）。当先前的干扰项反应被探测上的干扰项激活时（即干扰项重复试验），这种错误保护也很明显。值得注意的是，经过广泛练习后，错误保护仍然有效，初始下降后的SNP大小（即ER克服时间）也是如此。
