Spahn Claudia, Wasmer Céline, Eickhoff Franziska, Nusseck Manfred
Freiburg Institute for Musicians' Medicine, University of Music and University Clinic Freiburg, Breisacherstrasse 60, D-79106 Freiburg, Germany. Tel 0049 761 270-6161, fax 0049 761-270-6169.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2014 Jun;29(2):86-93. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2014.2019.
For violinists, it is common practice to play while standing or sitting. When playing in an orchestra, generally two persons share one music stand, with one sitting to the right and the other to the left of the stand. The present study investigated specific movement patterns while playing in these different positions.
Using a posturographic device and 3D motion capture, the body weight distributions and specific body movements of 19 violinists were analyzed.
Results showed unbalanced weight distributions while sitting in front of or oriented to the right of the music stand compared to the almost even distributions while standing or oriented to the left of the stand. Analyses of movement patterns showed significant differences between standing and sitting, mainly in the upper body parts with less movability while sitting. While sitting in front of or oriented to the right of the music stand, the right bowing arm showed more restricted movements compared to other positions.
The playing positions are discussed with regard to possible physiological stress and health risks. The study emphasizes the importance of different playing positions and offers starting points for discussion of postural influences and sensible handling of the instrument in performance and practice for violinists.
对于小提琴演奏者来说，站着或坐着演奏是常见的做法。在管弦乐队演奏时，通常两人共用一个乐谱架，一人坐在乐谱架右侧，另一人坐在左侧。本研究调查了在这些不同位置演奏时的特定运动模式。
使用姿势描记装置和三维运动捕捉技术，分析了19名小提琴演奏者的体重分布和特定身体动作。
结果显示，与站着或面向乐谱架左侧时几乎均匀的体重分布相比，坐在乐谱架前面或右侧时体重分布不均衡。运动模式分析表明，站立和坐着之间存在显著差异，主要体现在上半身，坐着时活动能力较小。当坐在乐谱架前面或右侧时，与其他位置相比，右手持弓手臂的动作受到更多限制。
讨论了演奏姿势可能带来的生理压力和健康风险。该研究强调了不同演奏姿势的重要性，并为小提琴演奏者在表演和练习中讨论姿势影响和合理使用乐器提供了讨论起点。
