Benus R F, Bohus B, Koolhaas J M, van Oortmerssen G A
Dept. of Animal Physiology, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 14, 9750 AA Haren, The Netherlands.
Behav Processes. 1990 Jun;21(2-3):127-41. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(90)90020-G.
The effect of exposure to inescapable long-duration shocks of moderate intensity on intershock activity and on subsequent escape or avoidance performance was studied in aggressive and non-aggressive male mice. The activity of the non-aggressive mice was severely suppressed during the inescapable shock session, while that of the aggressive males was hardly influenced. The decremental effect of prior shock exposure on subsequent response latency and activity in an active two-way escape or avoidance task was greater in the non-aggressive than in the aggressive mice. There was no evidence that learned inactivity or learned helplessness (an associative deficit) could explain the results. Instead, individual differences in behavioural strategy in response to threatening situations appeared to account for the effects of inescapable shock. Aggressive male mice predominantly adopted an active behavioural strategy in challenging situations, which resulted in persistent attempts to exercise control over the external situation and hence in a sustained tendency to initiate responses. Non-aggressive mice primarily assumed a passive strategy; their tendency to exercise control was low, which readily resulted in a reduced tendency to initiate responses.
在攻击性和非攻击性雄性小鼠中，研究了暴露于中等强度、不可逃避的长时间电击对电击间隔活动以及随后的逃避或回避表现的影响。在不可逃避的电击过程中，非攻击性小鼠的活动受到严重抑制，而攻击性雄性小鼠的活动几乎未受影响。在主动双向逃避或回避任务中，先前电击暴露对随后反应潜伏期和活动的递减效应，非攻击性小鼠比攻击性小鼠更大。没有证据表明习得性不活动或习得性无助（一种联想缺陷）可以解释这些结果。相反，应对威胁性情境时行为策略的个体差异似乎可以解释不可逃避电击的影响。攻击性雄性小鼠在具有挑战性的情境中主要采用积极的行为策略，这导致它们持续尝试对外部情境施加控制，从而产生持续的反应启动倾向。非攻击性小鼠主要采取被动策略；它们施加控制的倾向较低，这很容易导致反应启动倾向降低。
