Glithero N J, Ramsden S J, Wilson P
Division of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus LE12 5RD, United Kingdom.
Energy Policy. 2013 Aug;59(100):161-171. doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.03.003.
The EU renewable energy directive stipulates a requirement for 10% of transport fuels to be derived from renewable sources by 2020. Second generation biofuels offer potential to contribute towards this target with cereal straw representing a potentially large feedstock source. From an on-farm survey of 240 arable farmers, timeliness of crop establishment and benefits of nutrient retention from straw incorporation were cited as reasons for straw incorporation. However, two-thirds (one-third) of farmers would supply wheat (barley) straw for bioenergy. The most popular contract length and continuous length of straw supply was either 1 or 3 years. Contracts stipulating a fixed area of straw supply for a fixed price were the most frequently cited preferences, with £50 t the most frequently cited minimum contract price that farmers would find acceptable. Arable farmers in England would be willing to sell 2.52 Mt of cereal straw for bioenergy purposes nationally and 1.65 Mt in the main cereal growing areas of Eastern England. Cereal straw would be diverted from current markets or on-farm uses and from straw currently incorporated into soil. Policy interventions may be required to incentivise farmers to engage in this market, but food and fuel policies must increasingly be integrated to meet societal goals.
欧盟可再生能源指令规定，到2020年，10%的运输燃料须来自可再生能源。第二代生物燃料有潜力助力实现这一目标，谷物秸秆是一种潜在的大型原料来源。通过对240位从事耕地作业的农民进行的一项农场调查发现，作物种植的及时性以及秸秆还田带来的养分保留效益被列为秸秆还田的原因。然而，三分之二（三分之一）的农民愿意提供小麦（大麦）秸秆用于生物能源。最受欢迎的秸秆供应合同期限和连续供应期限为1年或3年。规定以固定价格供应固定面积秸秆的合同是最常被提及的偏好，50英镑/吨是农民认为可接受的最常被提及的最低合同价格。英格兰的耕地农民愿意在全国范围内出售252万吨谷物秸秆用于生物能源，在英格兰东部主要谷物种植区出售165万吨。谷物秸秆将从当前市场或农场用途以及目前用于土壤改良的秸秆中转移出来。可能需要政策干预来激励农民参与这个市场，但粮食和燃料政策必须日益整合，以实现社会目标。
