Paris Joel
Institute of Community and Family Psychiatry, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 4333 cote Ste. Catherine, Montreal, Quebec, H3T1E4, Canada,
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2014 Aug;16(8):461. doi: 10.1007/s11920-014-0461-0.
Classical concepts of bipolarity (bipolar I and bipolar II) have sometimes been extended into a broader spectrum that includes a wide variety of conditions previously diagnosed as separate forms of psychopathology. Differential diagnosis remains important, particularly in personality disorders characterized by affective instability, and in behavior disorders affecting pre-pubertal children. In the absence of biological markers or other external sources of validity, as well as lack of evidence for response to pharmacological treatment when disorders are defined more broadly, the bipolar spectrum remains an unproven hypothesis.
双相情感障碍（双相I型和双相II型）的经典概念有时已扩展到更广泛的范围，其中包括多种以前被诊断为不同形式精神病理学的病症。鉴别诊断仍然很重要，特别是在以情感不稳定为特征的人格障碍以及影响青春期前儿童的行为障碍中。由于缺乏生物学标志物或其他外部有效性来源，以及当疾病定义更广泛时缺乏对药物治疗反应的证据，双相情感障碍谱系仍然是一个未经证实的假设。
