Matejkowski Jason, Ostermann Michael
School of Social Welfare, Center for Mental Health Research and Innovation.
School of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University.
Law Hum Behav. 2015 Feb;39(1):75-86. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000094. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
Adults with serious mental illness (SMI) who are released from prison tend to recidivate more quickly and at higher rates than similarly situated adults who do not have SMI. The current study examined whether this relationship with recidivism is mediated by criminal risk level and whether parole supervision can ameliorate the effects of SMI on recidivism. Findings indicate that SMI did exhibit a significant indirect effect with recidivism when considering its relationship with actuarially assessed risk. However, this indirect effect was not conditioned by whether the individual was released to parole; specifically release status did not moderate the relationship between risk and recidivism. The direct effects of SMI on recidivism were found to be conditioned upon release status. Specifically, we found no relationship between SMI and recidivism for parolees and a negative relationship between SMI and recidivism among nonparolees. Findings indicate a need for paroling authorities to find more effective ways of reducing criminal risk, which can decrease subsequent recidivism, among the individuals they supervise.
与没有严重精神疾病（SMI）的类似成年人相比，从监狱释放的患有严重精神疾病的成年人往往更快且以更高的比例再次犯罪。当前的研究考察了这种与再次犯罪的关系是否由犯罪风险水平介导，以及假释监督能否改善严重精神疾病对再次犯罪的影响。研究结果表明，在考虑严重精神疾病与经精算评估的风险之间的关系时，它确实对再次犯罪表现出显著的间接影响。然而，这种间接影响并不取决于个体是否被假释；具体而言，释放状态并未调节风险与再次犯罪之间的关系。严重精神疾病对再次犯罪的直接影响被发现取决于释放状态。具体来说，我们发现对于假释人员，严重精神疾病与再次犯罪之间没有关系，而在非假释人员中，严重精神疾病与再次犯罪之间存在负相关。研究结果表明，假释当局需要找到更有效的方法来降低他们所监管的个体的犯罪风险，这可以减少随后的再次犯罪。
