对与英式橄榄球联盟长期职业生涯发展相关的人体测量和体能特征的回顾性分析。
Retrospective analysis of anthropometric and fitness characteristics associated with long-term career progression in Rugby League.
作者信息
Till Kevin, Cobley Steve, O'Hara John, Morley David, Chapman Chris, Cooke Carlton
机构信息
Research Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Metropolitan University, United Kingdom.
Discipline of Exercise & Sport Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Australia.
出版信息
J Sci Med Sport. 2015 May;18(3):310-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.05.003. Epub 2014 May 20.
OBJECTIVES
The current study retrospectively investigated the differences in anthropometric and fitness characteristics of junior rugby league players selected onto a talent identification and development (TID) programme between long-term career progression levels (i.e., amateur, academy, professional).
DESIGN
Retrospective design.
METHODS
Former junior rugby league players (N=580) selected to a TID programme were grouped according to their career progression level. Anthropometric (height, sitting height, body mass and sum of four skinfolds), maturational and fitness (power, speed, change of direction speed and estimated V̇O2max) assessments were conducted at 13-15 years. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) analyzed differences between career progression levels controlling for chronological age.
RESULTS
57.1% and 12.1% of players selected to the TID programme progressed to academy and professional levels in rugby league, respectively. Sum of four skinfolds (η(2)=0.03), vertical jump (η(2)=0.02), 10 m (η(2)=0.02), 20 m (η(2)=0.02), 30 m (η(2)=0.02), and 60 m (η(2)=0.03) speed, agility 505 left (η(2)=0.06), agility 505 right (η(2)=0.05) and estimated V̇O2max (η(2)=0.03) were superior within junior players who progressed to professional compared to amateur levels. No significant differences were identified between future academy and professional players for any measure.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that lower sum of four skinfolds and advanced fitness characteristics within junior (13-15 years) rugby league players may partially contribute to long-term career progression. Therefore, TID programmes within rugby league should aim to assess and develop body composition and fitness characteristics, especially change of direction speed. However, TID programmes should also consider technical, tactical and psycho-social characteristics of junior rugby league players that may be important for long-term career progression.
目的
本研究回顾性调查了入选人才识别与发展（TID）计划的青少年橄榄球联盟球员在长期职业发展水平（即业余、学院、职业）之间人体测量和体能特征的差异。
设计
回顾性设计。
方法
入选TID计划的前青少年橄榄球联盟球员（N = 580）根据其职业发展水平进行分组。在13至15岁时进行人体测量（身高、坐高、体重和四处皮褶厚度之和）、成熟度和体能（力量、速度、变向速度和估计的最大摄氧量）评估。多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）分析了在控制实足年龄的情况下职业发展水平之间的差异。
结果
入选TID计划的球员中，分别有57.1%和12.1%的球员在橄榄球联盟中晋升到学院水平和职业水平。与业余水平相比，晋升到职业水平的青少年球员在四处皮褶厚度之和（η(2)=0.03）、垂直纵跳（η(2)=0.02）、10米（η(2)=0.02）、20米（η(2)=0.02）、30米（η(2)=0.02）和60米（η(2)=0.03）速度、505敏捷性测试左侧（η(2)=0.06）、505敏捷性测试右侧（η(2)=0.05）以及估计的最大摄氧量（η(2)=0.03）方面更具优势。在未来学院球员和职业球员之间，未发现任何测量指标存在显著差异。
结论
研究结果表明，青少年（13至15岁）橄榄球联盟球员较低的四处皮褶厚度之和和先进的体能特征可能部分有助于长期职业发展。因此，橄榄球联盟中的TID计划应旨在评估和发展身体成分和体能特征，尤其是变向速度。然而，TID计划还应考虑青少年橄榄球联盟球员的技术、战术和心理社会特征，这些特征可能对长期职业发展很重要。
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