Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea (J.P.). Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA (T.S.M., M.K., D.J.C., P.E.S.).
Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2014 Aug;10(8):455-465. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2014.94. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
Over the past several years, the field of cancer research has directed increased interest towards subsets of obesity-associated tumours, which include mammary, renal, oesophageal, gastrointestinal and reproductive cancers in both men and women. The increased risk of breast cancer that is associated with obesity has been widely reported; this has drawn much attention and as such, warrants investigation of the key mechanisms that link the obese state with cancer aetiology. For instance, the obese setting provides a unique adipose tissue microenvironment with concomitant systemic endocrine alterations that favour both tumour initiation and progression. Major metabolic differences exist within tumours that distinguish them from non-transformed healthy tissues. Importantly, considerable metabolic differences are induced by tumour cells in the stromal vascular fraction that surrounds them. The precise mechanisms that underlie the association of obesity with cancer and the accompanying metabolic changes that occur in the surrounding microenvironment remain elusive. Nonetheless, specific therapeutic agents designed for patients with obesity who develop tumours are clearly needed. This Review discusses recent advances in understanding the contributions of obesity to cancer and their implications for tumour treatment.
在过去的几年中，癌症研究领域对肥胖相关肿瘤的亚组产生了浓厚的兴趣，这些肿瘤包括男性和女性的乳腺、肾脏、食管、胃肠道和生殖系统癌症。肥胖与乳腺癌风险增加的相关性已被广泛报道；这引起了广泛关注，因此有必要研究肥胖状态与癌症发病机制之间的关键机制。例如，肥胖环境提供了一个独特的脂肪组织微环境，同时伴有全身内分泌改变，有利于肿瘤的发生和发展。肿瘤内存在着主要的代谢差异，使它们与非转化的健康组织区分开来。重要的是，肿瘤周围的基质血管部分中的肿瘤细胞会诱导相当大的代谢差异。肥胖与癌症相关的潜在机制以及周围微环境中发生的伴随代谢变化仍然难以捉摸。尽管如此，显然需要为患有肥胖症并发展为肿瘤的患者设计特定的治疗药物。这篇综述讨论了肥胖对癌症的影响及其对肿瘤治疗的意义的最新研究进展。
