Liu Hong-Fu, Won Hyung-Sun, Chung In-Hyuk, Kim In-Beom, Han Seung-Ho
Department of Anatomy, Catholic Institute for Applied Anatomy, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Korea.
Anat Sci Int. 2015 Jun;90(3):180-6. doi: 10.1007/s12565-014-0244-z. Epub 2014 Jun 18.
It was recently reported that the internal branch of the accessory nerve not only comprises the cranial root but also various combinations of the cranial root, spinal root, and the vagal component of the vagus nerve. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the anatomical distribution of each component of the internal branch of the human accessory nerve. Ten half-heads and necks of adult cadavers were used. The internal branch of the accessory nerve had three courses: the pharyngeal branch, the descending branch to the thorax, and the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The pharyngeal branch of the internal branch originated mainly from the vagus nerve, rather than from the cranial root of the accessory nerve. All of the components of the internal branch descended to the thorax along the vagus nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerve comprised the internal branch and the vagus nerve in all specimens, and it was separated into bundles originating from the internal branch and vagus nerve. Both bundles gave off branches to the trachea and esophagus. The laryngeal distribution of the internal branch and vagus nerve was confirmed in the posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, and thyroarytenoid muscles. These three laryngeal muscles were innervated by the cranial root and/or vagus nerve, but the distribution pattern was different in each specimen. Although the vagus nerve and cranial root are morphologically distinct nerves in the cranial cavity, they can be regarded functionally as the same nerve based on their distribution in the laryngeal muscles.
最近有报道称，副神经内支不仅包含颅根，还包括颅根、脊根以及迷走神经迷走成分的各种组合。本研究的目的是展示人类副神经内支各成分的解剖分布。使用了10具成年尸体的半头颈部标本。副神经内支有三条走行路径：咽支、下行至胸部的分支以及喉返神经。内支的咽支主要起源于迷走神经，而非副神经的颅根。内支的所有成分均沿迷走神经下行至胸部。在所有标本中，喉返神经均由内支和迷走神经组成，并被分离为源自内支和迷走神经的束。这两束均向气管和食管发出分支。在内侧环杓后肌、环杓侧肌和甲杓肌中证实了内支和迷走神经的喉部分布。这三块喉部肌肉由颅根和/或迷走神经支配，但每个标本中的分布模式不同。尽管迷走神经和颅根在颅腔内是形态上不同的神经，但基于它们在喉部肌肉中的分布，在功能上可视为同一条神经。
