Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health , Boston 02215, Massachusetts, United States.
Environ Sci Technol. 2014 Jul 15;48(14):7833-41. doi: 10.1021/es501489u. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
Indoor air quality is an important predictor of health, especially in low-income populations. It is unclear how recent trends in "green" building affect the indoor exposure profile. In two successive years, we conducted environmental sampling, home inspections, and health questionnaires with families in green and conventional (control) apartments in two public housing developments. A subset of participants was followed as they moved from conventional to green or conventional to conventional housing. We measured particulate matter less than 2.5 μm aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nicotine, carbon dioxide (CO2), and air exchange rate (AER) over a seven-day sampling period coincident with survey administration. In multivariate models, we observed 57%, 65%, and 93% lower concentrations of PM2.5, NO2, and nicotine (respectively) in green vs control homes (p=0.032, p<0.001, p=0.003, respectively), as well as fewer reports of mold, pests, inadequate ventilation, and stuffiness. Differences in formaldehyde and CO2 were not statistically significant. AER was marginally lower in green buildings (p=0.109). Participants in green homes experienced 47% fewer sick building syndrome symptoms (p<0.010). We observed significant decreases in multiple indoor exposures and improved health outcomes among participants who moved into green housing, suggesting multilevel housing interventions have the potential to improve long-term resident health.
室内空气质量是健康的一个重要预测因素，尤其是在低收入人群中。目前尚不清楚“绿色”建筑的最新趋势如何影响室内暴露情况。在连续两年中，我们在两个公共住房开发项目中的绿色和传统（对照）公寓中对家庭进行了环境采样、家庭检查和健康问卷调查。一部分参与者在从传统住房搬到绿色住房或传统住房时被跟踪。我们在调查管理期间进行了为期七天的采样，测量了小于 2.5μm 空气动力学直径的颗粒物（PM2.5）、甲醛、二氧化氮（NO2）、尼古丁、二氧化碳（CO2）和空气交换率（AER）。在多变量模型中，我们观察到绿色住宅中 PM2.5、NO2 和尼古丁的浓度分别降低了 57%、65%和 93%（p=0.032、p<0.001、p=0.003），报告的霉菌、害虫、通风不足和闷热情况也较少。甲醛和 CO2 的差异没有统计学意义。绿色建筑中的 AER 略低（p=0.109）。居住在绿色住宅中的参与者出现病态建筑综合征症状的比例降低了 47%（p<0.010）。我们观察到参与者搬进绿色住房后，多种室内暴露的显著减少和健康状况的改善，这表明多层次的住房干预措施有可能改善长期居民的健康。
