Gizaw S, Rischkowsky B, Valle-Zárate A, Haile A, van Arendonk J A M, Mwai A O, Dessie T
International Livestock Research Institute, ILRI Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Anim Breed Genet. 2014 Oct;131(5):341-9. doi: 10.1111/jbg.12101. Epub 2014 Jun 19.
Village- and central nucleus-based schemes were simulated and evaluated for their relative bio-economic efficiencies, using Ethiopia's Menz sheep as example. The schemes were: village-based 2-tier (Scheme-1) and 1-tier (Scheme-2) cooperative village breeding schemes, dispersed village-based nuclei scheme (Scheme-3), conventional 2-tier central nucleus-based scheme (Scheme-4), and schemes linking a central nucleus and village multiplier nuclei with selection in central nucleus (Scheme-5) or in both central and village nuclei (Scheme-6). Among village-based schemes, Scheme-1 gave the highest genetic progress, while Scheme-2 was economically the most efficient with genetic gain in the breeding objective of Birr 5.6 and a profit of Birr 37.2/ewe/year. The central nucleus schemes were more efficient than the village schemes. Scheme-4 was the most efficient with genetic gain in the breeding objective of Birr 13.5 and a profit of Birr 71.2, but is operationally more difficult as it requires a very large central nucleus. The choice between village and central nucleus-based schemes would depend on local conditions (availability of infrastructure, logistics and technical knowhow and support). Linking central nucleus with village-based nuclei (Scheme-6) would be a feasible option to overcome the operational difficulties of the conventional central nucleus scheme. If a village-based breeding program is envisaged as should be the 1st step in most low-input systems, then Scheme-2 is the most efficient. To scale out to an entire Menz breed level, Scheme-3 would be recommended.
以埃塞俄比亚的门兹绵羊为例，对基于村庄和核心群的养殖模式进行了模拟，并评估了它们的相对生物经济效率。这些模式包括：基于村庄的两级（模式1）和一级（模式2）合作村庄育种模式、分散的基于村庄的核心群模式（模式3）、传统的基于核心群的两级模式（模式4），以及将核心群与村庄扩繁核心群相联系且在核心群（模式5）或同时在核心群和村庄核心群中进行选择的模式（模式6）。在基于村庄的模式中，模式1的遗传进展最高，而模式2在经济上最有效，育种目标的遗传增益为每比尔5.6，每只母羊每年盈利37.2比尔。基于核心群的模式比基于村庄的模式更有效。模式4最有效，育种目标的遗传增益为每比尔13.5，盈利71.2比尔，但在操作上更困难，因为它需要一个非常大的核心群。在基于村庄和基于核心群的模式之间进行选择将取决于当地条件（基础设施、物流、技术知识和支持的可用性）。将核心群与基于村庄的核心群相联系（模式6）将是克服传统核心群模式操作困难的一个可行选择。如果设想开展一个基于村庄的育种计划（这应该是大多数低投入系统的第一步），那么模式2是最有效的。要扩大到整个门兹品种水平，建议采用模式3。
